The invention discloses a device and a calibration method of the indoor OBS dynamic and continuous calibration suspended sediment concentration. The device comprises a sampling device and a suction filtration device, wherein the sampling device comprises a calibration groove, an OBS-3A turbidimeter supporting frame, an OBS-3A turbidimeter, a turbine, an aqueduct, a sampling bottle, and a samplingvacuum pump, the OBS-3A turbidimeter is vertically arranged above the calibration groove through the OBS-3A turbidimeter supporting frame, the turbine is arranged at the bottom of the calibration groove, one end of the aqueduct extends into the calibration groove, the other end of the aqueduct communicates with the interior of the sampling bottle, and the upper end of the sampling bottle is connected with the sampling vacuum pump. According to the device and the calibration method, the water sampling collection process close to an OBS probe is improved, the improved device can effectively improve the working efficiency, at the same time, the testing accuracy is improved, according to the device, after a high concentration suspended sand water body is added, sediment in the water body is ina stable suspended state due to the stirring action of the bottom turbine, and convenience is provided for reading OBS results and extracting water samples.