The invention relates to an efficient fermentation production process of a sodium gluconate. The efficient fermentation production process comprises the first step of seed culturing, the second step of inoculated fermentation, the third step of continuous fermentation, the fourth step of filtering, the fifth step of decoloring, the sixth step of crystallization, the seventh of separation and drying and the eighth step of packaging. In the third step, namely, the continuous fermentation step, when the online measured concentration of a sodium gluconate reducing sugar is less than or equal to 50g / L according to the terminal stage of fermentation of the second step, a glucose liquid and a nutrient are automatically replenished by 500g / L, and simultaneously, a fermentation liquor is discharged to a buffer tank from the bottom of a fermentation tank, and meanwhile, NaOH (in a content of 350g / L) is also replenished. The continuous fermentation step of the efficient fermentation production process has the advantages that the glucose liquid and the nutrient are replenished under online automatic control, long-term continuous fermentation of the glucose is realized, the time of seed culture and fermentation liquor sterilization is saved, and the production efficiency is improved.