The invention discloses a grain storage system capable of controlling temperature and reducing loss by internal recirculation flow. The grain storage system comprises a grain storage barn, a circulation pipeline, a circulation fan, a controller and a barn temperature sensor, wherein the circulation pipeline comprises a ventilating duct, a horizontal insulation pipe, a vertical insulation pipe and a wall through pipe, the ventilating duct is arranged at the bottom of the barn and connected with a ventilation opening, the circulation fan is mounted on the outer barn wall, the ventilation opening is connected with an air inlet of the circulation fan, and the horizontal insulation pipe is connected with the air inlet of the circulation fan; an air outlet of the circulation fan is connected with the vertical insulation pipe, one end of the wall through pipe is connected with the vertical insulation pipe, the other end of the wall through pipe stretches into the barn, the barn temperature sensor is connected with the controller, and overall circulation fumigation inside the barn is realized by the aid of the circulation pipeline; ventilation and cooling of the system adopt an internal air circulation manner, moisture inside the grain cannot lose, the system has the advantages of efficiency, energy saving and environment protection, circulation fumigation can be realized by the aid of an internal recirculation flow pipeline, two manners are combined, the use efficiency can be improved greatly, and the equipment investment is little.