The invention discloses a small bearing quality detection method, device and system based on machine vision, wherein the method comprises the steps of S1, judging whether a to-be-detected small bearing exists in a to-be-detected region, and if yes, skipping to the step S2; S2, collecting an image of a small bearing; S3, matching the template images in a database according to the collected images; S4, obtaining an image difference between the collected image and the matched template image through an image frame difference method, and analyzing the image difference to determine whether a defect region exists or not; and S5, controlling the small bearing to be conveyed to a corresponding discharging rail. According to the present invention, the small bearing quality detection, the automatic feeding and the automatic removing based on the machine vision are achieved, so that the accuracy is improved, and the purpose of rapid and automatic detection is achieved.