The invention discloses an anti-corrosion and anti-wear modification method of an anti-freezing cooling liquid. The modification method comprises the following steps: calcining expandable graphite ina muffle furnace, taking the calcined expandable graphite out for cooling, adding a hydrochloric acid solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, adding aniline, carrying out cooling in an ice bath,adding zinc phosphate, dropwise adding an ammonium persulfate solution under stirring, carrying out a reaction, performing standing, carrying out washing with water until a neutral state is reached, then performing washing with acetone, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain zinc phosphate-polyaniline-graphene composite particles; diluting water-soluble polyurethane with deionized water to obtain a sizing agent, adding carboxylated carbon nanotubes, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, immersing desized basalt fibers in the sizing agent, and carrying out drying to obtain carbon nanotube-modified basalt fibers; and adding water into ethylene glycol, then adding floridosides, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium benzoate, sebacic acid, benzotriazole, borax, the zinc phosphate-polyaniline-graphene composite particles and the carbon nanotube modified basalt fibers, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion and uniform mixing so as to prepare the anti-corrosion anti-wear modified anti-freezingcooling liquid.