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A surgical device for cutting substantially across a cornea of an eye of a patient, the device including a positioning ring to be attached to an eye surrounding a cornea to be cut, and defining an aperture sized to receive and expose the cornea to be cut. The surgical device further includes a cutting head assembly structured to be guided and driven over an upper surface of the positioning ring in a generally arcuate path, and having a cutting element positioned therein and structured to oscillate laterally to facilitate smooth and effective cutting of the cornea. The cutting head assembly is structured to be detachably coupled to the positioning ring by a coupling member which permits movement of the cutting head assembly relative to the positioning ring along the generally arcuate path, but maintains sufficient engagement therebetween to ensure that smooth, steady, driven movement is maintained.

The current disclosure uses the disciplines of Ontology and Epistemology to implement a context/content-based “multimedia conceptual search and planning”, in which the formation of conceptualization is supported by embedding multimedia sensation and perception into a hybrid database. The disclosed system comprises: 1) A hybrid database model to host concept setup. 2) A graphic user interface to let user freely issue searching request in text and graphic mode. 3) A parsing engine conducting the best match between user query and dictionaries, analyzing queried images, detecting and presenting shape and chroma, extracting features/texture of an object. (4) A translation engine built for search engine and inference engine in text and graphic mode. 5) A search engine using partitioned, parallel, hashed indexes from web crawler result, conducting search in formal/natural language in text and graphic mode. 6) A logic interference engine working in text and graphic mode, and 7) A learning/feedback interface.

Apparatus with accompanying subsystems and methods for developing conversational computer applications. As a user interface, the apparatus allows for a user to initiate the conversation. The apparatus also answers simple and complex questions, understands complex requests, pursues the user for further information when the request is incomplete, and in general provides customer support with a human like conversation while, at the same time, it is capable to interact with a company's proprietary database. As a development tool, the apparatus allows a software developer to implement a conversational system much faster than takes, with current commercial systems to implement basic dialog flows. The apparatus contains three major subsystems: a state transition inference engine, a heuristic answer engine and a parser generator with semantic augmentations. A main process broker controls the flow and the interaction between the different subsystems. The state transition inference engine handles requests that require processing a transaction or retrieving exact information. The heuristic answer engine answers questions that do not require exact answers but enough information to fulfill the user's request. The parser generator processes the user's natural language request, that is, it processes the syntactical structure of the natural language requests and it builds a conceptual structure of the request. After the parser generator processes the user's request, a main process broker feeds the conceptual structure to either the heuristic answer engine or to the state transition inference engine. The interaction between the main process broker and the subsystems creates a conversational environment between the user and the apparatus, while the apparatus uses information from proprietary databases to provide information, or process information, during the course of the conversation. The apparatus is equipped with a programming interface that allows implementers to declare and specify transactions based requests and answers to a multiplicity of questions. The apparatus may be used with a speech recognition interface, in which case, the apparatus improves the recognition results through the context implicitly created by the apparatus.

A system and method are provided for managing communication with a plurality of wireless client devices operating in a radio frequency band shared by other types of devices, comprising a step of controlling at least one parameter associated with radio communication with each of the plurality of wireless devices based on the radio frequency environment associated with each corresponding one of the plurality of wireless client devices. Spectrum profile information describing the radio frequency environment (activity in the frequency band) at a wireless client device is sent to the wireless base station device (where the parameter controls are made) from either a wireless client device or another radio device in the proximity of one or more wireless client devices that is capable of generating the spectrum profile information. The spectrum profile information may include information identifying signals that are occurring in the frequency band in the proximity of a wireless client device. Examples of parameters that may be controlled at the wireless base station device include packet fragmentation threshold (the length of a data packet), transmission data rate and transmission scheduling (synchronizing a transmission to quiescent intervals of one or more periodic interfering signals).

A system and method for browsing, retrieving, and recommending information from a collection uses multi-modal features of the documents in the collection, as well as an analysis of users' prior browsing and retrieval behavior. The system and method are premised on various disclosed methods for quantitatively representing documents in a document collection as vectors in multi-dimensional vector spaces, quantitatively determining similarity between documents, and clustering documents according to those similarities. The system and method also rely on methods for quantitatively representing users in a user population, quantitatively determining similarity between users, clustering users according to those similarities, and visually representing clusters of users by analogy to clusters of documents.

There is provided a light fixture comprising a baffle system and a side reflector, the baffle system comprising at least an outer baffle structure and an inner baffle structure. Also, there is provided a light fixture which comprises at least two recessed concentric square elements, triangular connecting elements and lenses which are recessed from the faces of each of the square elements. In some embodiments, the lighting device comprises at least one solid state light emitter. In some embodiments, the light fixture further comprises at least one lens positioned between at least two respective baffle elements.

The invention is related to a hydrated silicone hydrogel contact lens having a layered structural configuration: a lower water content silicone hydrogel core (or bulk material) completely covered with a layer of a higher water content hydrogel totally or substantially free of silicone. A hydrated silicone hydrogel contact lens of the invention possesses high oxygen permeability for maintaining the corneal health and a soft, water-rich, lubricious surface for wearing comfort.

A protective case for a portable electronic device comprises a first holder element having an adapter member, and a second holder element connected with the first holder element. The second holder element is adapted to receive and hold the electronic device. The first holder element is operable to open or close on the electronic device by folding. The first holder element entirely covers the electronic device when being closed. The protective case is adapted to be mounted on a rod element through the adapter member.

A backlight module comprises a light transmissive substrate, an optical film, and at least one light source. In this case, the optical film has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The first surface of the optical film is connected to the transparent surface, and the second surface of the optical film has at least one fresnel area. The light source is disposed at one side of the light transmissive substrate.

One embodiment of the present invention enables an individual to selectively choose an area(s) of interest and automatically scan a database to intelligently retrieve the relevant information and filter out the irrelevant information. Next, the relevant information may then be collated and made available in an electronic “book” format for ease of distribution. For example, a network administrator may go to his/her company's web page and utilize the present embodiment to download an electronic “book” pertaining to troubleshooting his/her particular network configuration. It is appreciated that the present embodiment may be utilized in a broad number of different areas since it covers any application where there may be a huge database of information and only a part of which may be of interest to selected parties. For example, the present embodiment may be quite useful in areas such as, but not limited to, pharmaceutical, manufacturing, medical, defense, and computer networking.

A system and method are presented for use in imaging the patient's retina. A light source unit is provided including a light emitting diode (LED) arrangement comprising multiple LEDs of different wavelength ranges. A light guide arrangement is used with the LEDs arrangement and is configured for coupling light from the LEDs and providing output light beams of a desired shape. The illuminating light is directed towards a region on the retina, and light returned from the illuminated region is collected and directed to an image detector unit. The invention enables the use of LED light at high intensity as required in the eye retina imaging, while maintaining the required high-quality imaging. Also, the invention provides for simultaneous or quasi-simultaneous as well as high-speed imaging in FA and ICG imaging procedures, thereby satisfying a long felt need in ophthalmology. Also, the invention provides for automated illumination or light exposure control to optimize overall light exposure to the patient eye and best acquired image quality in terms of brightness, contrast and image signal-to-noise ratio.

A combination greeting card and gift card with a coded information portion is provided to be sold and delivered to a recipient as a unit. The greeting card includes preprinted indicia preferably corresponding to a particular occasion such as a birthday, holiday, graduation or other celebretory event. The coded information portion of the gift card preferably includes a PIN number or a scannable portion which, when an account in a remote computer corresponding to the coded information and the gift card is activated, enables the holder of the gift card to obtain goods or services by access to credit corresponding to the card from a remote database. The gift card is initially temporarily coupled to the greeting card by adhesive, tabs and slits, or a mechanical fastener, and concealed when the front and rear panels of the greeting card are in a closed, substantially parallel orientation.

A light engine housing comprising a mixing chamber element, a driver chamber element and/or a connection element, one or more of which is removable. A light engine comprising (1) a light engine housing and (2) a mixing chamber module and/or a driver module removably attached to and/or positioned in the light engine housing. Also, a light engine comprising (1) a light engine housing and a mixing chamber module and/or a driver module. Also, a solid state light engine comprising a light engine housing comprising at least a first connection element.

A program recording/playback apparatus for easily recording/playing back a program that matches a common preference between multiple viewers is provided. A recording/playback apparatus 100 obtains program recommendation information from a server apparatus 300, and retrieves program recommendation information from within. Based on these two pieces of program recommendation information, the recording/playback apparatus 100 generates and combines two search formulas, to generate one search formula. The recording/playback apparatus 100 then identifies one or more programs that satisfy the conditions shown by the one search formula, within EPG data extracted from received broadcast waves, thereby generating program presetting information. The recording/playback apparatus 100 generates a recorded program table based on the generated program presetting information, and displays the recorded program table. The recording/playback apparatus 100 then receives a user's selection indicating one or more of the programs shown by the recorded program table, and reads and plays back the selected programs.