76results about How to "High salt concentration" patented technology

A lateral flow assay device for determining the relative ionic strength of urine is described. The device includes a buffering zone having a polyelectrolyte disposed therein, and an indicator zone having a pH indicator non-diffusively immobilized therein, the indicator zone being separate from the buffering zone and positioned adjacent to and in fluid communication with the buffering zone. A detection zone is part of the buffering zone, and has a buffering component comprising a weak polymeric acid and weak polymeric base with a pKa ≦10−3, and a class of charged polymeric surfactants that are responsive to relative ion concentrations in a sample solution, and a charged pH indicator with a charge opposite to that of the charged polymeric surfactant. The charged polymeric surfactant is soluble in amounts of greater than or equal to about 1% by weight (≧1 wt. % solute) in water and aqueous solutions of low ionic concentration of ≦0.1 wt. % salts, but insoluble (<1 wt. % solute) in aqueous solution of high ionic concentrations of >0.1 wt. % salts. The present invention also describes absorbent articles incorporating such an assay device and methods of monitoring dehydration or testing ion strength of a urine sample using such a test format.

Devices and methods for producing purified water. The device includes a reverse osmosis subsystem, a dehumidification subsystem and a purified water storage tank fluidly coupled to the subsystems such that purified water produced by each can be locally stored. A vehicular platform, such as a ship, can be used to locate the device adjacent a supply of saline water and humid air. A saline water inlet, membrane and purified water outlet cooperate in the reverse osmosis subsystem to allow preferential passage of water relative to salt in a saline water supply, while the dehumidification subsystem includes a heat exchanger that extracts moisture from the ambient humid air. Purified water produced by each of the subsystems can be used as a potable water source. When used in conjunction with a ship, part or all of the reverse osmosis subsystem can be submersed to a depth sufficient to generate a hydrostatic pressure that is in turn sufficient to passively operate the reverse osmosis membrane such that additional pressurizing equipment, such as a pump, is not needed. Furthermore, the temperature of the water purified by the reverse osmosis subsystem may be low enough to be used as a condensing agent for the ambient humid air passing through the dehumidification subsystem.

The present invention is a method of separating recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) from low molecular weight contaminants in a liquid, which method comprises the steps of: (a) providing a separation medium, which includes anion-exchanging ligands coupled to a base matrix; and (b) contacting the liquid with the separation medium to adsorb the rHSA to the ligands. In one embodiment, the functional groups of the ligands are weak anion-exchanging groups, preferably secondary amines, and the density of ligands on the base matrix is relatively high.

A process for producing a separator-electrolyte layer for use in a lithium battery, comprising: (a) providing a porous separator; (b) providing a quasi-solid electrolyte containing a lithium salt dissolved in a first liquid solvent up to a first concentration no less than 3 M; and (c) coating or impregnating the separator with the electrolyte to obtain the separator-electrolyte layer with a final concentration≧the first concentration so that the electrolyte exhibits a vapor pressure less than 0.01 kPa when measured at 20° C., a vapor pressure less than 60% of that of the first liquid solvent alone, a flash point at least 20 degrees Celsius higher than a flash point of the first liquid solvent alone, a flash point higher than 150° C., or no detectable flash point. A battery using such a separator-electrolyte is non-flammable and safe, has a long cycle life, high capacity, and high energy density.

A separator-electrolyte layer product for use in a lithium battery, comprising: (a) a porous thin-film separator selected from a porous polymer film, a porous mat, fabric, or paper made of polymer or glass fibers, or a combination thereof, wherein the separator has a thickness less than 500 μm; and (b) a non-flammable quasi-solid electrolyte containing a lithium salt dissolved in a liquid solvent up to a concentration no less than 3 M; wherein the porous thin-film separator is coated with the quasi-solid electrolyte so that the layer product exhibits a vapor pressure less than 0.01 kPa when measured at 20° C., a vapor pressure less than 60% of the vapor pressure of the liquid solvent alone, a flash point at least 20 degrees Celsius higher than a flash point of the first liquid solvent alone, a flash point higher than 150° C., or no detectable flash point.

A process for desalinating water is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of passing a feed stream of saline solution 2′ in a first desalination step through a reverse osmosis membrane desalination plant 3′ comprising at least one reverse osmosis desalination unit 4′ to form a first product water stream 5′ having a reduced salt concentration relative to that of the feed stream of saline solution 2′ and a first byproduct stream 6′ having an increased salt concentration relative to that of the feed stream of saline solution 2′ characterized in that the first byproduct stream 6′ is passed in a second desalination step through a suspension crystallization unit 7 to form a second product water stream 8 having a reduced salt concentration relative to that of the first byproduct stream 6′ and a second byproduct stream 9 having an increased salt concentration relative to that of the first byproduct stream 6′. The invention further relates to an apparatus 1 for carrying out said process. The present invention further relates also to the use of the process or apparatus 1 for the reduction of the volume of the first byproduct stream of a reverse osmosis membrane desalination plant 3′, preferably an in-land desalination plant 3′, or in a device or plant or process for producing desalinated water, for salt production, for co-production of power and desalinated water, or for air conditioning.