The invention relates to an effervescent composition of a water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The effervescent composition contains one or a plurality of plant nutrient substances and one or a plurality of compounds which are contacted with water to generate gas. The effervescent composition comprises an optimized proposal that the plant nutrient substance is monopotassium phosphate. The effervescent composition can be also added with acid, a plant growth conditioner, a surfactant, a filler, a disintegrating agent, an adhesive, dye, a lube and the like. The preparation method comprises the following steps: ingredients are weighed, mixed, pulverized, pelletized and dried to obtain the effervescence composition. The effervescent composition can be manufactured through a routine production process, has rapid disintegrating and dissolving (diffusing) speed in the water, does not block a spray head or drip a pipeline, is uneasy to absorb dampness, has high content of effective compositions, low packaging, storage, metering and using cost and high utilization rate of the effective compositions, reduces waste and pollution to environment, is widely applied to economic crops, gardening, lawns and urban landscaping and has wide market application prospect.