The invention discloses a quantum voting system and method based on quantum teleportation. The quantum voting system comprises a voter Alice, a voting management organization CA, a supervisor Charlie,a teller Bob and four OADMs, wherein the voter Alice comprises a first a quantum key server, a voting terminal and a first quantum state measurement device; the voting management organization CA comprises a second quantum key server, an authentication terminal, an entanglement source and a first Bell state measurement device; the supervisor Charlie comprises a third quantum key server, a displayterminal and a second Bell state measurement device; and the teller Bob comprises a fourth quantum key server, a computer terminal, a unitary transformation device and a second quantum state measurement device. The quantum voting system disclosed by the invention ensures the security of the whole voting process by the coherence of entangled particles, a QKD protocol, a one-time-one-encryption encryption algorithm and quantum channel eavesdropping detection. In addition, the quantum voting system disclosed by the invention transmits the classical and quantum information through different wavelengths in the same optical fiber, so that the cost of an application can be greatly reduced, and the practicability is improved