The invention discloses a field-of-view matching device of astronomical positioning laser radar, which comprises a computer, and further comprises a driver, an angle adjusting frame, a laser, a reflector, a receiving telescope, a spectroscope, a CCD camera, a receiving optical fiber and a signal detection system. The invention further discloses a field-of-view matching method for the astronomicalpositioning laser radar. Through monitoring and adjustment of the laser beam orientation, the data inversion precision of the laser radar is improved, the data coherence of the laser radar is effectively improved, the device and method are suitable for a coaxial or off-axis laser radar system, and an effective scheme is provided for accurate adjustment of the laser radar.