231 results about "Pulmonary alveolus" patented technology

A method of producing a nicotine medicament for use in an inhaler comprises combining nicotine, a non-spheronized sugar and a liquid carrier including water to produce a flowable mixture and spray drying the flowable mixture at conditions to produce particles of the nicotine medicament suitable for delivery to the alveoli and lower airways of the person. Also disclosed is a nicotine medicament made by the method. The nicotine composition produced by this method is a composite particle suitable for tobacco replacement or withdrawal therapy.

In one aspect, the invention is related to a method of treating a patient with Parkinson's disease, the method including administering to the respiratory tract of the patient particles that include more than about 90 weight percent (wt %) of levodopa. The particles are delivered to the patient's pulmonary system, preferably to the alveoli or the deep lung.

A processor obtains input of a logistically attainable end tidal partial pressure of gas X (PetX[i]T) for one or more respective breaths [i] and input of a prospective computation of an amount of gas X required to be inspired by the subject in an inspired gas to target the PetX[i]T for a respective breath [i] using inputs required to utilize a mass balance relationship, wherein one or more values required to control the amount of gas X in a volume of gas delivered to the subject is output from an expression of the mass balance relationship. The mass balance relationship is expressed in a form which takes into account (prospectively), for a respective breath [i], the amount of gas X in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli and the amount of gas X in the alveoli, optionally based on a model of the lung which accounts for those sub-volumes of gas in the lung which substantially affect the alveolar gas X concentration affecting mass transfer.

The invention relates to a pulmonary alveolus bionic structure based flexible self-driving gas sensor belonging to the technical field of gas sensors. The gas sensor comprises insulating bases which are sequentially laminated from top to bottom, a first friction electrification layer with two sides respectively deposited with an electrode layer and a gas sensitive film layer and a second frictionelectrification layer adopting an elastic material, wherein the first and second friction electrification layers are fixed at the peripheral edge; a gas channel is formed in the center of the insulating bases, an electrode layer, the first friction electrification layer and the gas sensitive film layer; under the action of air flow, unfixed parts of the first and second friction electrification layers form contact-separation circulation to generate induced charge, so as to output an electric signal with gas concentration characteristics to the outside. Compared with conventional gas sensors, gas concentration can be detected spontaneously without an external power supply system, the output performance of the sensor is steady, the structure is light and easy to carry, and the gas sensor iseasy to mount and place, simple to make, low in processing cost, and favorable for realizing large scale production of self power supply respiration sensors.

An apparatus for collecting volatile compounds in human breath. The apparatus includes a device for discriminating between alveolar and non-alveolar portions of exhaled breath, a device for measuring volume of exhaled breath, a chamber with a piston or similar compressible device with clean internal services designed to collect a precise volume of alveolar breath, a pump to draw the exhaled breath from the chamber through at least one sorbent tube, a subsystem for introducing a clean gas into the chamber to expand it and for purging the tubing of the system, and a subsystem for selectively collecting a room air sample. A manifold is provided in the apparatus for receiving sorbent tubes and comprises an input block and output block, and a locking lever for actuating the input and output blocks linearly towards and away from each other and selectively locking them in a fully closed position.

The invention discloses a lung tissue model for biotoxicity detection and a biotoxicity detection method. The lung tissue model comprises a trachea, a blood vessel and an alveolus pulmonis unit, wherein an air passage is defined in the trachea, and an air inlet and an air outlet, which are communicated with the air passage respectively are formed at two ends of the trachea; a blood passage is defined inside the blood vessel, and a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet which are communicated with the blood passage respectively are formed at the two ends of the blood vessel, a cavity is defined in the alveolus pulmonis unit, an elastic ventilate membrane is formed on the wall of the alveolus pulmonis unit, the alveolus pulmonis unit is arranged in the blood passage, and the cavity is communicated with the air passage. By adopting the lung tissue model, an air exchanging function and a breathing strain effect of the lung blood in the body can be simulated; through planting cells in the alveolus pulmonis unit, the structure and function of the alveolus pulmonis unit in a body and inflammation reaction of immune cells can be simulated in the subsequent culture process.

The invention provides a method for estimating dynamic positive end-expiratory pressure in mechanical ventilation, and mainly relates to the field of research on dynamic positive end-expiratory pressure in mechanical ventilation. According to the invention, an expiration curve is used as a research object, and the positive pressure (positive end-expiratory pressure 1, PEEPi1) in the pulmonary alveoli at the moment before the inflection point and the assumed positive pressure (positive end-expiratory pressure 2, PEEPi2) in the pulmonary alveoli when the actual expiratory flow is 0 and if the inspiration force does not exist according to the difference between the areas under an actual expiratory curve and an imaginary tracing curve and the compliance of a respiratory system. The method hasthe beneficial effect that when a patient uses a breathing machine, reference for setting parameters of the breathing machine can be provided for medical staff, so that the patient uses the breathingmachine to achieve the best breathing effect, and the survival probability of the patient is further improved.

Disclosed are methods and compositions that are useful in the detection and therapy of diseases (e.g., emphysema) and damage that afflict the lungs. In some aspects, the compositions comprise a formulation enriched for a species of phosphatidylcholine, such as palmitoylmyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (16:0 / 14:0PC). The compositions may further be described as lung surfactant supplement preparations particularly useful in the treatment of pulmonary diseases and afflictions prevalent among premature infants, and in particular, Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). A PC marker is also disclosed, 16:0 / 14:0PC, that may be used to detect pulmonary disease or reduced / compromised alveolar function in an animal. Phospholipid profiles of 16:0 / 14:0PC, 16:0 / 16:1PC and 16:0 / 16:0PC are also provided, and are correlated with particular pulmonary diseased states.

The invention involves a device and method for ascertaining the functioning of the respiratory system and, in particular, for measuring the efficiency of alveolar ventilation of a patient. The device comprises an apparatus containing sensors for measuring the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations as well as the volume of air inhaled and exhaled by a patient. The patient is provided a mouthpiece for breathing into and out of the device, which subsequently measures the oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures of inhaled and exhaled air. From these measurements, the efficiency of alveolar ventilation during each tidal volume breath may be calculated.

Methods are provided for protecting against ventilation-induced lung injury both directly, by lowering surface tension, and indirectly, by promoting equitable liquid distribution in pulmonary alveolar edema, in which liquid- and air-filled alveoli are normally interspersed. Since a pressure barrier is responsible for trapping liquid in discrete edematous alveoli and the magnitude of the barrier is proportional to surface tension at the air-liquid interface, the present invention provides various methods for promoting equitable redistribution of edema liquid amongst alveoli to help protect the lung during ventilation, including: i) use of an additive that lowers surface tension; ii) use of active, accelerated deflation during mechanical ventilation; and iii) high frequency (>50 Hz) vibration of the lung.

The present invention relates generally to diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and estimating of the severity thereof, in particularly the occurrence of emphysema. More particularly the present invention relates to a system and method for computerized quantification of airway collapse during forced expiration or total exhalation. Such airway collapse is correlated with the presence of emphysema that has been verified on computer tomography (CT) scan and that is due to the loss of alveolar attachments in emphysema. Moreover the present invention provides a computerized apparatus for detection of emphysema, a computerized system for detection of emphysema or a method of computer-aided detection of emphysema. This can also be used for quantifying the severity of emphysema in patients with COPD by an automated analysis of measurement of the amount (volume) and / or speed (flow) of a total or forced exhalation or the processing of the graphics of a pneumotachograph of a total or forced exhalation. Such measurements are obtainable by a spirometer. The apparatus, system or method of present invention correlates airway collapse during forced expiration in COPD with presence and severity of emphysema It was demonstrated that airway collapse during forced expiration could be quantified by measuring the angle between the two best fitting regression lines describing the cloud of point measurements obtained from peakflow to the end of forced expiration. Such angle in COPD correlates with presence and severity of emphysema, as assessed by computer tomography scan.