Provided are a preparation method of a supported metal oxide catalyst for reinforcing ozonolysis and an ozone catalytic ozonation catalyst prepared through the preparation method. The preparation method is characterized by comprising the steps of solvent extracting, calcination, washing, acidizing, washing, drying, pelleting and the like; the obtained catalyst comprises 5% to 10% of active component, 30% to 70% of regenerated and activated carclazyte, 2% to 20% of pore-enlarging agent, 0.1% to 8% of gelatinizing agent and 10% to 50% of aluminum oxide powder, and the total mass is 100%; the active component comprises mixed rare earth oxide, and further comprises one or more of Fe2O3, MnO2, Fe3O4, TiO2, CuO and CoO, and the mass percent of the mixed rare earth oxide ranges from 5% to 40%. On the one hand, secondary pollution to the environment is avoided; on the other hand, the quantity of the used catalyst preparation raw materials is reduced, and production cost is greatly reduced. Compared with an independent ozone reaction, by means of adding of the catalyst, the reaction rate is increased, the degradation efficiency on organic matter is greatly improved, and running cost is reduced to a certain degree.