The invention relates to a porous carbon material and a preparation method and application thereof. Organic and inorganic materials in shrimp shell and crab shell are used as carbon sources and natural templates, meanwhile the pore formation effect of template structures during high temperature decomposition is utilized, and a proper activator is mixed to produce the porous carbon material. The difficulties of methods those in the prior art in a preparation process, preparation of templates is needed, carbon precursors need to be soak in the templates, and the like, are overcome; and the nitrogen-containing carbon material with multistage pore structures is prepared by using the characteristic that the carbon sources themselves contain nitrogen element. The preparation method of the porous carbon material is simple, is low in cost, is strong in process controllability, and is suitable for industrial production, the porous carbon material shows very good application effects in electrochemical capacitors and secondary cells, and the porous carbon material not only provides a new material for the new energy, but also opens up a new way for the effective use of waste, namely the shrimp shell and crab shell in aquatic products industry.