522 results about "Nuclear reaction" patented technology

A nuclear reactor (1) is provided, in particular a nuclear reactor cooled with a liquid metal (for example, a heavy liquid metal, such as lead or lead-bismuth eutectic), of the type having a cylindrical inner vessel (15) that divides a hot collector (6) over a core (4) from a substantially annular cold collector (7) surrounding the hot collector; housed in the cold collector (7) is a plurality of integrated circulation and heat-exchange assemblies (20), each of which includes a pump (9), two heat exchangers (10) set at the sides of the pump, and a conveying structure (21) through which a primary fluid (8) for cooling the core passes from the pump to the heat exchanger, all of which are fixedly connected to one another to form a unitary structure; each integrated assembly has an inlet (26) connected to the hot collector (6) and two outlet sections (34) in the cold collector (7).

A device, method and system for causing a controlled collapse of cavities formed within liquid droplets wherein a pressurized jet comprising a liquid and nanoparticle material and possibly fuel produces droplets from the breakup of the jet stream. The liquid droplets are irradiated with energy to produce and expand cavities formed within the droplets by irradiation of the nanoparticles contained within the droplets. The droplets are collided with a target to collapse the cavities within the droplets. The irradiating and colliding are timed to enhance implosion energy resulting from the cavities' collapse. The implosion energy and the fuel in the cavity may be used to activate and sustain a fusion reaction.

The invention provides a thermal hydraulic experiment device and method for simulating a nuclear reactor neutron reactivity feedback process. The thermal hydraulic experiment device comprises an electric heating experiment section, a shell-tube type cooler, a voltage stabilizer, a pressurizing nitrogen gas tank, a circulating pump, a cooling water pump, a cooling water tank, a cooling water tower, a pipeline, a valve, a measuring instrument, a data acquisition system, a control computer, a high-frequency direct-current power supply and a conductive copper bar. The high-frequency direct-current power supply is used for electrifying the electric heating experiment section. The circulating pump is connected with an inlet of the electric heating experiment section through a pipeline; the circulating pump is provided with a bypass pipeline; an outlet of the electric heating experiment section is connected with a pipe side inlet of the shell-tube type cooler through a pipeline. A control system for simulating nuclear reactor neutron reactivity is additionally arranged on the thermal hydraulic experiment device, and can be used for simulating the reactivity feedback process and a thermal hydraulic response process of nuclear reactors under various instant working conditions; the thermal hydraulic experiment device has the advantage of simulating various types of experiment working conditions, which are not easy to carry out in the nuclear reactor, under a nuclear-radiation-free environment.

Aspects of the invention relate to several methods to deposit and regenerate target materials in neutron generators and similar nuclear reaction devices. In situ deposition and regeneration of a target material reduces tube degradation of the nuclear reaction device and covers impurities on the surface of the target material at the target location. Further aspects of the invention include a method of designing a target to generate neutrons at a high efficiency rate and at a selected neutron energy from a neutron energy spectrum.

New [GOD, I], [GOD, II], & [GOD, III] dual-plasma fuel cells provide the electric start systems to start their warm-up processes, automatically. After their warm-up processes done and the operation temperatures reached, the dual-plasma fuel cells will run independently by continuously supplying fuels and moisture into the units. In dual-plasma nuclear [fusion and / or fission] fuel cells' configuration, electrical power will be generated from the nuclear-thermal-plasmas reaction by exothermal heating from combustion & nuclear reactions. With conducting high-electrons' current, the cable, loads, and electrodes are connected among one another between two plasmas' ionizing chambers for civil utility purposes. In the [GOD, II] dual-plasma fusion fuel cell, heavy water [D2O] injection into the atomizing chambers increases the plasmas heating and electrical conductivities. And the un-like charges of the heavy water's [D2O+], & [D2O−] react with plasmas' [2H+& O=] combustion heating which will induce the fusion reaction and release much more nuclear heating power for initiation of the next plasmas-generation cycle much easily. For the [GOD, III] dual-plasma fission fuel cell, fission fuels located in the combustion & nuclear reaction space through robotic movements provide additional nuclear-thermal energy that allows for initiation of the plasmas-generation process for the next cycle. For [GerTh. I] dual-plasma jet thruster, the dual plasmas are ejected to an opening end of a ‘C’ shaped magnet, and linear thrust is generated, according to the right-hand rule as in a jet thruster of propulsion for space traveling.

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactor core measuring system detector signal processing, and specifically discloses a signal delay eliminating method based on Kalman filtering for rhodium self-powered detector. The method comprises the following steps: step one, establishing a nuclear reaction model of rhodium and neutron; step two, establishing a Kalman filtering model; step three, utilizing the Kalman filtering to eliminate the current signal delay for rhodium self-powered neutron detector; wherein the step three comprises the following steps: step one, obtaining the systematic procedure white noise variance matrix Q and the systematic observation white noise variance matrix R of the Kalman filtering algorithm; step two, collecting the current value of the rhodium self-powered detector, converting the analogue signal into digital signal, and then utilizing the Kalman filtering to eliminate the current signal delay for rhodium self-powered neutron detector. The signal delay eliminating method based on Kalman filtering for rhodium self-powered detector can carry out a noise reducing treatment on measured current signals, and is capable of limiting the noise magnification times in a range of 1 to 8 under the situation that the responding time is small enough.

The invention discloses a nuclear reactor for the lunar surface. The nuclear reactor comprises a reactor body, thermocouple converters, potassium thermotube radiators, a lithium hydride shield, and control drum driving mechanisms, the reactor is formed by three same integrated modules, each of the modules is 1 / 3 of the reactor, each of the modules comprises 1 / 3 of the reactor body, two thermocouple converters, two potassium thermaltube radiators, and 1 / 3 of the lithium hydride shield, the lithium hydride shield is arranged above the reactor body, and the control drum driving mechanism is arranged above the lithium hydride shield; the reactor body is composed of a reflecting layer, fuel elements, lithium thermotubes and control drums; the control drums are uniformly arranged in the reflecting layer and can rotate under the driving the control drum driving mechanisms; and the lithium thermotubes are leaded out of the inside of the reactor body and then are connected with the thermocouple converters, and the thermocouple converters are provided with the potassium thermotube radiators. The nuclear reactor for the lunar surface provided by the invention has the advantages of high safety, convenient transportation and convenient emission.

A beam shaping assembly for neutron capture therapy includes a beam inlet, a target having nuclear reaction with an incident proton beam from the beam inlet to produce neutrons forming a neutron beam defining a main axis, a moderator adjoining to the target, a reflector surrounding the moderator, a thermal neutron absorber adjoining to the moderator, a radiation shield arranged inside the beam shaping assembly and a beam outlet. The neutrons are moderated to epithermal neutron energies. An outer surface of the moderator includes at least a first tapered section. The reflector leads the neutrons deviated from the main axis back. The thermal neutron absorber is used for absorbing thermal neutrons so as to avoid overdosing in superficial normal tissue during therapy. The radiation shield is used for shielding leaking neutrons and photons so as to reduce dose of the normal tissue not exposed to irradiation.

The subject of the present invention is to provide a nuclear reactor plant of which is a direct cycle nuclear reactor using a carbon dioxide as a coolant such that a heat evacuation for liquefying coolant is reduced while a compressive work is reduced by using a condensation capability of a carbon dioxide for enhancing a cycle efficiency.The nuclear reactor plant is comprised of a nuclear reactor 1, a turbine 2, and wherein, the coolant of supper critical state is heated by a heat of a nuclear reactor to directly drive a turbine, a gaseous coolant discharged from said turbine is chilled and compressed after said turbine is driven for keeping in a critical state, and then said coolant is circulated again into said nuclear reactor, and wherein, a carbon dioxide is used as said coolant, and a predetermined ratio of gaseous coolant discharged from said turbine is liquefied for being compressed in a liquid state while a rest of gaseous coolant is compressed in a gaseous state.