281 results about "Material Erosion" patented technology

Disclosed is an improved system and method to evaluate the status of a material. The system and method are operative to identify flaws and measure the erosion profile and thickness of different materials, including refractory materials, using electromagnetic waves. The system is designed to reduce a plurality of reflections, associated with the propagation of electromagnetic waves launched into the material under evaluation, by a sufficient extent so as to enable detection of electromagnetic waves of interest reflected from remote discontinuities of the material. Furthermore, the system and method utilize a configuration and signal processing techniques that reduce clutter and enable the isolation of electromagnetic waves of interest. Moreover, the launcher is impedance matched to the material under evaluation, and the feeding mechanism is designed to mitigate multiple reflection effects to further suppress clutter.

The invention discloses an experimental apparatus for high-temperature high-pressure loop spray corrosion simulation and electrochemical testing, belongs to the electrochemical field, and is particularly suitable for simulation experiment of erosion corrosion caused by simulating the complex components such as elbow, tee and the like in petroleum and gas collection pipes, petroleum and gas conveying pipes and the like so as to convey the high-temperature high-pressure multi-phase fluid pipe components and in-situ electrochemical signal testing of the erosion corrosion of high-temperature high-pressure fluid under erosion conditions. The apparatus comprises a high pressure kettle, a circulating loop, a high-temperature high-pressure flow gauge, a vortex pump, a control box, a circulating condensation system, a three-electrode system, a signal conduction path, an external electrochemical work station and a high pressure gas bottle. The apparatus has the advantages of simulating the erosion corrosion condition of the fluid medium in the oil and gas pipeline well, testing the electrochemical signal of the working electrode under high-speed spray condition such as polar curve, AC impedance and the like and having important significance to the research of the erosion corrosion action, rule and mechanism of the high-temperature high-pressure fluid.

A device for figuring objects by means of material erosion of the surface thereof, comprising a pulsed laser beam and a deflection device through which the laser beam is directed at the object surface and via which the object surface is guided. The invention is suitable for figuring natural optical lenses made from a biological substance or artificial optical lenses. The inventive device is provided with an optical device to modify the distribution of the radiation intensity inside the laser beam cross section. The radiation intensity, once the laser beam has passed through the optical device, has a bell-shaped or Gaussian-like distribution in at least one cross sectional direction through the laser beam.

The invention discloses a corrosion and abrasion resistant coating and a coating method thereof, comprising: firstly, weight percentage of compositions of coating materials adopted is that: carbon: less than or equal to 0.5 percent; chromium: 16 to 26 percent; nickel: 3.5 to 9.5 percent; molybdenum: 1.0 to 4.0 percent; boron: 0.5 to 4.5 percent; silicon: 0.5 to 4.5 percent; copper: 1.0 to 4.0 percent; manganese: 0 to 2.0 percent; rare earth - rhenium: 0.01 to 1.5 percent; the residual is ferrum and inevitable impurities; secondly, pretreatment of the surface of a metallic matrix reaches technological demand; thirdly, thermal spraying is adopted on the matrix surface; a plurality of air cooling nozzles surrounding a spray gun which are in parallel with spraying flame velocity are arranged on the spray gun; travel rate of the spray gun is 150 to 400 millimeters per second; surface temperature of workpieces is controlled to be less than 150 DEG C; an amorphous stainless steel protective coating is formed on the matrix surface finally; fourthly, sundries on the coating surface are cleaned, and the coating is performed sealing treatment. The invention solves the protective problem of erosion-corrosion under the condition of acid humid environment and that Cl<-> ions and dust particles exist.

The invention discloses an erosion-corrosion experiment device for simulating a spray splashing area. The experiment device is supported by a base and comprises a lifting system, a sample clamping system, a power system, an injection system, an ultraviolet illumination aging system, an electrochemical testing system and a temperature control system, wherein a hydraulic lifting frame is fixedly arranged on the base and is controlled to ascend or descend by a pedal or a pressure relief knob; the sample clamping system and the power system are mounted on the hydraulic lifting frame; a medium groove is formed in one side of the hydraulic lifting frame; the sample clamping system is arranged inside the medium groove; the upper part of the medium groove is sleeved by a sealing cover, and the sealing cover and the medium groove are sealed through a rubber sealing ring. According to the erosion-corrosion experiment device, the influence on a material erosion-corrosion behavior caused by factors such as wave impact strength, impact period, sand content, oxygen content, temperature and illumination can be researched, the failure process of an ocean spray splashing area structure is accurately simulated, and the defects of a conventional material erosion-corrosion research device for simulating a splashing area are overcome.

The invention relates to a multiphase flow erosion local corrosion testing apparatus. The testing apparatus comprises an ore pulp pump, a slurry tank, a stirrer, a pressure gage, an electromagnetic flowmeter, a pipe flow erosion pipe section, a jet flow erosion pipe section, a thermocouple and a low temperature constant temperature circulator. The testing apparatus is characterized in that the stirrer is arranged above the slurry tank, the thermocouple is mounted in the slurry tank and is connected with the low temperature constant temperature circulator, the bottom end of the slurry tank is connected with the ore pulp pump through a feed pipe, a ball valve is installed on the feed pipe, an outlet pipe of the ore pulp pump is provided with a first stop valve and is divided into two paths through the stop valve, one path returns to the slurry tank after passing through a second stop valve, and the other path returns to the slurry tank after passing through the pressure gage, the electromagnetic flowmeter, the pipe flow erosion pipe section and the jet flow erosion pipe section. According to the invention, characteristics of pipe flow and jet flow erosion-corrosion testing machines are combined, pipe flow erosion and jet flow erosion local corrosion tests can be simultaneously or individually carried out, and the testing apparatus has the characteristics of a small size, a simple structure, low manufacturing cost and good operationality.

In a replacement gate approach, a superior cross-sectional shape of the gate opening may be achieved by performing a material erosion process in an intermediate state of removing the placeholder material. Consequently, the remaining portion of the placeholder material may efficiently protect the underlying sensitive materials, such as a high-k dielectric material, when performing the corner rounding process sequence.

The present invention provides a liquid-cooling type heat sink which has a high pressure-resistibility and is resistible against the corrosion or erosion-corrosion or electrolytic etching, and a method for its production. The heat sink of the present invention comprises plural base members 21, 31 and 41, the base member being each in plate or block-shape, the base member each having paths 60 shaped on one or both sides of surfaces thereof, and the base members being bonded to each other, wherein a communicating flow path 60a including path 60, through holes 61, 62, and 63, is formed for a cooling medium to flow in and out. The base members are bonded to each other with a solder layer 54 made of Au—Sn alloy or Sn, while a coating layer of Au 53 is formed on each of the inner surfaces of the bonded base members. At the time of making a bond between the base members, the coating layer of Au 53 and the solder layer 54 are diffused to each other, resulting in formation of a bond layer of alloy 55 containing at least 91 wt % of Au and at most 9 wt % of Sn.

The invention relates to an erosion-corrosion device, in particular to a jet type liquid-solid dual-phase fluid erosion-corrosion experimental device which solves the problems in the prior art that the adjustment of an attack angle is relatively difficult and the experimental period is long as well as the problem of real-time measurement of electrochemical parameters and the like. The experimental apparatus is provided with an ejector pump, a nozzle, a nozzle chamber and an electrochemical test system, and adopts the cam pump of a motor drive provided with a transducer as the ejector pump, wherein, an attack angle adjustment device used for adjusting the attack angle of samples is arranged in the nozzle chamber, the pipeline where the nozzle locates is connected with a jet distance adjustment device. The device adopts the cam pump as the ejector pump to realize the smooth conveying of media containing bigger solid phase particles, utilizes the cam pump of the motor drive provided with the transducer to control the flow speed; and the nozzle chamber is provided with the samples which can control the attack angle and the jet distance, the samples can fulfill the electrochemical measurement. The device can control the flow speed, attack angle and the temperature of the media, and fulfill the electrochemical measurement.

A sensing device for sensing a condition of a plasma processing system component. The sensing device includes a main body configured to contain a material, an emitter contained in the main body and configured to emit light when exposed to a plasma, and a mating feature connected to the main body and configured to be mated with a receiving feature of an object in the plasma processing system such that the emitter material is exposed to a processing environment of the plasma processing system. When the emitter material is exposed to a plasma, the light emitted from the emitter can be monitored to determine at least one of material accumulation on the system component and erosion of the system component.

The invention discloses a loop test device for imitating gas phase erosion corrosion of natural gas, and belongs to the technical field of imitating experiment devices. The loop test device for imitating gas phase erosion corrosion of natural gas is suitable for imitating conditions of medium components, humidity, flow speed and the like of natural gas gathering pipelines during the actual operation process, and is especially suitable for simulating the erosion corrosion situation caused by the flowing of gases containing trace moisture and corrosion media and having high-speed flowing in natural gas pipes, and testing electrochemistry and corrosion behaviors. The device is composed of three parts including a control system, a test system and a recovery system, wherein the control system comprises a high-pressure air bottle, a high-pressure kettle, a high-pressure flow meter, a regulating valve, a stop valve, an electric heater, a humidity probe, a pressure probe and pipelines; the test system comprises the high-pressure kettle, a three-electrode system, a rotary working bench, a test sample jig and a pressure probe; and the recovery system comprises a recovery tank, a regulating valve, a high-pressure flowmeter and a pressure probe. The device can well imitate the erosion corrosion situation of parts including pipe walls, elbows, tee joints and reducing parts by high-flow-speed wet gases under natural gas intra-pipe environment, can test electrochemistry signals, and has important significances for the research on erosion corrosion behavior rules under the natural gas intra-pipe environment as well as main influence factors of the erosion corrosion behavior rules.

The invention belongs to a multifunctional submerged jet type cavitation test device in the fields of cavitation erosion resistance and erosion corrosion resistance of metal materials, a detachable upper end cover arranged closely is provided on top of a tank, a pressure valve and a pressure release valve are arranged on a side wall of the sealed tank, a nozzle is detachably arranged on an inner end of the tank of the same tube of the pressure valve, a testing bracket and a testing sample wafer are arranged on the other side wall of the sealed tank, a plug screw and a traverse education through hole for testing thereon are arranged at a lower part of the same side wall of the sealed tank and the pressure valve, the traverse and the education through hole are sealed through sealant; a pressure gauge is arranged on an upper part of the sealable tank matching with the pressure release valve; the plug screw and the sealed tank are sealed through a seal ring. The device is reliable in structure theory, low in manufacturing cost, handy in working use, precise in experiment effect, long in service life and reduced in energy consumption.

The invention relates to the field of an erosion corrosion device and particularly provides a rotary test device for simulating the erosion corrosion on an inner wall of a pipeline, and overcomes the defects that the conventional rotary erosion corrosion test device cannot simulate the erosion corrosion on the inner wall of the pipeline well and a pipe flow type erosion corrosion test device is high in manufacturing cost. The rotary test device disclosed by the invention is provided with a rotating shaft, a slurry tank, a sample clamp and an annular sample. A carbon brush is arranged at the upper part of the rotating shaft and is connected with electrochemical test equipment; the rotating shaft is connected with an output end of a motor which is provided with a frequency converter; the lower part of the rotating shaft extends to a place above slurry in the slurry tank; the rotating shaft is connected with the sample clamp through a rotary joint; and the annular test is mounted on the test clamp. The rotary test device disclosed by the invention combines the advantages of the conventional rotary erosion corrosion test device with the conventional pipe flow type erosion corrosion test device, so that axial erosion corrosion behaviors on the inner wall of the pipe are researched in a rotated condition. According to the rotary test device disclosed by the invention, the flow speed, the medium component and the temperature can be controlled, and real-time electrochemical parameter measurement and zero gravity measurement can be realized simultaneously.

The invention discloses an injection type erosion corrosion testing device and belongs to the field of metal material corrosion prevention. Polytetrafluoroethylene plastic serves as a pipeline loop material. The device comprises a constant-temperature liquid storage box, an erosion chamber, a stirring chamber, a circulating pump, a pipeline loop, a nozzle, a semi-cylindrical sample table and a clamp, wherein the circulating pump is connected in series with a frequency converter to change the operating frequency of a pump body so as to realize zero-order speed change; an electromagnetic flow meter is arranged on the pipeline loop at the rear section of the circulating pump and is used for monitoring flow in real time; a gear is arranged inside the stirring chamber; an external speed-regulating motor is installed for driving the gear to stir a fluid so as to ensure that solid particles in the fluid are uniformly suspended; a clamping device comprises the semi-cylindrical sample table and the clamp; an erosion angle of the fluid is changed by rotating the sample table. A reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode are arranged in the erosion chamber, the reference electrode, the auxiliary electrode and a sample clamped by the clamp form a three-electrode system which is externally connected with an electrochemical working station and a computer, and real-time dynamic electrochemical measurement at different fluid speeds, angles and temperatures can be realized by accurate control.

In a replacement gate approach, a superior cross-sectional shape of the gate opening may be achieved by performing a material erosion process in an intermediate state of removing the placeholder material. Consequently, the remaining portion of the placeholder material may efficiently protect the underlying sensitive materials, such as a high-k dielectric material, when performing the corner rounding process sequence.

The invention discloses a corrosion testing device capable of simulating the complex environment and a testing method thereof. The device comprises a dynamic high-temperature autoclave system, a medium circulation system and a gas mixing system which can be used for conducting corrosion tests on a sample; the medium circulation system cooperates with the dynamic high-temperature autoclave system so that the medium in the testing environment can be replaced or circulated, and thus the solution medium or flow velocity under the actual working condition is simulated; the gas mixing system is communicated with and cooperate with the dynamic high-temperature autoclave system to simulate the gas composition and pressure environment required by the tests; the dynamic high-temperature autoclave system is internally provided with a medium temperature controller which is used for simulating the temperature under the actual working condition. According to the testing device, multiple types of testing parameters are considered comprehensively, an expansion interface is provided, multiple types of actual working conditions can be effectively simulated, corrosion performance evaluation and research of multiple types of materials, such as stress corrosion, uniform corrosion, erosion corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, electrochemical corrosion, coating corrosion resistance evaluation and corrosion inhibitor efficiency evaluation, in the complex environment are completed, and correctness and scientificity of the test result are guaranteed.

The invention relates to a Cr 23 Ni 6 ferrite-austenitic stainless steel which is manufactured from stainless steel materials containing components by weight percentage as follows: 22 percent to 24 percent of Cr, 5 percent to 7 percent of Ni, 3 percent to 4 percent of Mo, 0.15 percent to 0.25 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C and 1 percent to 2 percent of Mn, and the rest is Fe. The manufacturing technology of the Cr 23 Ni 6 ferrite-austenitic stainless steel of the invention is characterized in that: in hot piercing process, the hot piercing temperature is controlled to be 1150 DEG C to 1200 DEG C; the prior compression coefficient of a piercing plug is controlled to be 5 percent; the reduction of roller waist is controlled to be 12 percent and the ovality is controlled to be 1.08 to 1.11; in cold drawing / cold rolling process, cold deformation quantity is controlled to be below 50 percent; in heat treatment process, the solid solution temperature of products is controlled to be 1080 DEG C to 1100 DEG C and the solid solution temperature of finished products is controlled to be 1050 DEG C to 1100 DEG C. The Cr 23 Ni 6 ferrite-austenitic stainless steel has good chloride stress corrosion resistance, good pit corrosion resistance, high tensile strength and yield strength and good corrosion fatigue resistance and erosion corrosion resistance, and is widely used in the fields such as petroleum industry, chemical industry, natural gas industry and marine shipping and the like.

An insulating coating is applied to the metallic components in a nuclear reactor water environment to decrease and / or mitigate general corrosion and erosion-corrosion of the reactor component's metallic surfaces. Preferably, the coating is a 0.1 micron to 0.3 mm thin layer of an oxide coating such as titania (TiO2), zirconia (ZrO2), tantala (Ta2O5), Al2O3, CeO2 or similar oxides; or a thin layer of the metal, such as Ti, Zr, Ta, Hf, Ce, Al, which will oxidize in the reactor water environment. The applied coating provides a protective layer between the component surfaces and the reactor water environment. By reducing and / or eliminating the potential for corrosion on reactor metallic components, the coating eliminates or minimizes the potential for activated corrosion products to contaminate the reactor water. The coating is especially beneficial for nickel-alloy based metals that contribute significant cobalt-related corrosion products, and will also be effective on austenitic stainless steel components.

The invention relates to a jet type stress-erosion corrosion test device. The device comprises a liquid storage tank, a circulating system, a test piece mounting and stress loading mechanism; the testdevice is characterized in that a heater is arranged in the liquid storage tank and used for heating a test solution in the tank; the circulating system is provided with a water pump, an air pump andan air-liquid mixer; the water pump is used for sucking the test solution in the tank into the air-liquid mixer, the air pump is connected to the air-liquid mixer, the air-liquid mixer communicates with a nozzle through a pipeline, a sand storage tank is arranged on the pipeline at the front end of the nozzle, and the particle content entering the pipeline is controlled through an adjusting valve; a temperature sensor and a flowmeter for measuring the temperature and flow of a transmission medium input into the pipeline from the air-liquid mixer are arranged at an upstream of a sand storage tank mounting place; the heater power is adjusted according to the reading of the temperature sensor, the rotating speeds of the water pump and the air pump are controlled according to the reading of the flowmeter, thereby controlling the jet velocity. The evaluation research on the stress-erosion corrosion performance test and the corrosion mechanism of the metal material, the nonmetallic material, the composite material and the stress erosion corrosion resistant coating can be performed.

The invention relates to a multichannel erosion-corrosion test system and method. A technical scheme is as follows: connecting each of three electrode wires in a test sample with an electrode installation opening in a test conversion plate; respectively arranging a work installation hole, a reference installation hole and an auxiliary electrode installation hole at each row of the test conversionplate so as to be correspond to three electrode wires in the sample one to one, wherein the upper part of the test conversion plate is connected with the electrode wire of an electrochemical work station through a metal pin so as to guarantee the information transmission between the to-be-tested electrode and the electrochemical work station, thereby realizing the fast conversion measurement of corrosion conditions of multiple test samples when the samples are located at different flow velocity and different tube type conditions of the same system. The system disclosed by the invention has theadvantages the erosion-corrosion conditions under different flow velocity conditions under the same system and the same medium can be measured, the experimental time is greatly saved, and the samplecorrosion results can be contrasted and analyzed under the condition of guaranteeing the system error, thereby realizing multi-channel and independently-worked single-phase flow or gas liquid two-phase flow erosion-corrosion test.

A high-temperature high-pressure tubular-flow erosion corrosion experiment device mainly includes: a high-temperature high-pressure kettle, a first pressure meter, a temperature meter, a sample test tube, an actual object test tube, a sample trough, a magnetic pump, a liquid transporting pipe, and an ultrasonic flow rate meter. The high-temperature high-pressure kettle is used for providing a fluid at certain temperature and under certain pressure. The actual object test tube is connected to a third joint and a fourth joint of the liquid transporting pipe through a second flange. An actual object tube is fixed in the actual object test tube through a first corrosion-resistant sealing ring. The sample test tube is connected to a first joint and a second joint of the liquid transporting pipe through a first flange. The sample trough, in which a sample is hung, is formed in the sample test tube. The magnetic pump is used for providing power to the experiment device for driving fluid circulation. The ultrasonic flow rate meter is used for testing the speed of the circulated fluid. The whole experiment device is made of corrosion-resistant alloy and a heat insulation layer covers external walls of all parts, so that temperature loss is avoided. The device is suitable for drilling production engineering of petroleum and natural gas.

The invention provides an erosion-corrosion abrasion test table, which comprises a sample control mechanism and a liquid cavity (13) used for containing experiment liquid, wherein a part of the sample control mechanism can enter the liquid cavity (13); a part of the sample control mechanism can also fix a sample (19) and change the space posture of the sample (19). The erosion-corrosion abrasion test table can be used for performing multi-aspect regulation and control on the located environment of the sample; in addition, the space posture of the sample, the depth, the environment temperature, the liquid flow speed and the like can be precisely regulated and controlled on line.

The invention relates to a high-temperature and high-pressure erosion-corrosion fatigue testing device applied to the field of material experimental science. The testing device comprises a high-temperature and high-pressure kettle, wherein a sample clamping mechanism is mounted in the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle; the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle is a cylindrical tank body, a sealed erosion circulating loop is connected to one side of the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle, an erosion pump is connected to the sealed erosion circulating loop, a nozzle is connected to a water outlet of the erosion pump and corresponds to a sample in the sample clamping mechanism, and a high-speed erosion-corrosion environment is formed on the sample by fluid in the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle by virtue of the erosion pump; a temperature pressure sensor is arranged in the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle, and the erosion pump and the temperature pressure sensor are respectively connected with a computer through cables; and the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle is connected with a high-pressure gas cylinder through a pipeline and a booster pump. The high-temperature and high-pressure erosion-corrosion fatigue testing device can be used for simulating and testing the fatigue performance of drilling equipment and a well completion production pipeline under an erosion effect.

In a replacement gate approach, a superior cross-sectional shape of the gate opening may be achieved by performing a material erosion process in an intermediate state of removing the placeholder material. Consequently, the remaining portion of the placeholder material may efficiently protect the underlying sensitive materials, such as a high-k dielectric material, when performing the corner rounding process sequence.

When incorporating a strain-inducing semiconductor alloy in one type of sophisticated transistors, the removal of sacrificial cap materials, such as a spacer layer, sacrificial spacer elements and dielectric cap materials, may be accomplished by using, at least in a first phase of the removal process, an efficient etch stop liner material, which may thus reduce the material loss in the drain and source extension regions that are formed prior to the deposition of the strain-inducing semiconductor material. Moreover, the drain and source extension regions of the other type of transistor may be formed with superior process uniformity due to a reduced material erosion of the corresponding spacer elements.

When forming the strain-inducing semiconductor alloy in one type of transistor of a sophisticated semiconductor device, superior thickness uniformity of a dielectric cap material of the gate electrode structures may be achieved by forming encapsulating spacer elements on each gate electrode structure and providing an additional hard mask material. Consequently, in particular, in sophisticated replacement gate approaches, the dielectric cap material may be efficiently removed in a later manufacturing stage, thereby avoiding any irregularities upon replacing the semiconductor material by an electrode metal.

In a replacement gate approach, the dielectric material for laterally encapsulating the gate electrode structures may be provided in the form of a first interlayer dielectric material having superior gap filling capabilities and a second interlayer dielectric material that provides high etch resistivity and robustness during a planarization process. In this manner, undue material erosion upon replacing the placeholder material may be avoided, which results in reduced yield loss and superior device uniformity.

A cermet composition represented by the formula (PQ)(RS) comprising: a ceramic phase (PQ) and binder phase (RS) wherein, P is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group IV, Group V, Group VI elements, Q is boride, R is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Co, Mn and mixtures thereof, S comprises at least one element selected from Cr, Al, Si and Y.