82 results about "Marten" patented technology

The invention discloses a complex additive for foxes, raccoon dogs and martens, which pertains to the technical field of animal nutrition. In the invention, a variety of vitamins and microelements which are required to promote the reproductive performance of the foxes, the raccoon dogs and the martens are strongly strengthened, and the balance of all nutritional factors are also synthetically considered; the additive is added with high-quality yolk powder, active microzyme and complex enzyme preparation; the components and contents of each kilogram of the additive are restricted within the best range. The basic nutrition requirements of the foxes, the raccoon dogs and the martens at the breeding stage are fully considered in the invention, and a plurality of nutrient factors which affect the reproductive performances of the foxes, the raccoon dogs and the martens are also emphasized. By adopting the additive, the breeding animals can reach good posture, the development of the generative organs is promoted, the estrus expression is obvious, the hybridization time is concentrated and advanced, the birth amount and ablactation survival rate are improved, and the barren rate and dystocia rate are reduced, thus effectively improving the reproductive performance of the foxes, the raccoon dogs and the martens.

The invention provides a feed additive for improving the quality of the fur of a furry animal. The additive is obtained by mixing a semi-finished vitamin product, a semi-finished trace element product, dihydropyridine, methionine, cystine and corn gluten meal according to a weight ratio of 1:1:0.3-1:0.2-0.9:0.1-0.6:2, wherein the semi-finished vitamin product is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components: 5-22 parts of vitamin A, 3-8 parts of vitamin D, 10-25 parts of vitamin E, 3-8 parts of vitamin B1, 8-15 parts of biotin, 1-3 parts of vitamin B6, and 120-160 parts of the corn gluten meal, and the semi-finished trace element product is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components: 10-20 parts of methionine chelated zinc, 2-5 parts of methionine chelated copper, and 70-90 parts of zeolite powder. The additive of the invention allows the quality of the fur of the furry animals (martens, foxes and raccoon dogs) to be substantially improved, the hair density to be increased, the hair length to be improved, the hide toughness to be increased and the culture benefit to be improved.

The invention relates to a Chinese herbal medicine feed for a fox, a racoon dog and a marten. The Chinese herbal medicine feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn flour, bean pulp, wheat bran, bran and a nutrient additive. The preparation method of the nutrient additive comprises the following steps: crushing dried ginger powder, paprika powder, aniseed powder, clove powder, interior eardamom powder, cassia bark powder, amomum tsao-ko powder, garlic powder, fructus terminaliae immaturus powder, fennel powder, cinnamon powder, netmeg powder, white pepper powder, pericarpium citri reticulatae powder, crabs, soybean, peanut, liquorice powder, almond powder, astragalus membranaceus powder and Chinese pulsatilla powder into 30-60 meshes, and then mixing and evenly agitating. By adopting the Chinese herbal medicine, the fox, the racoon dog and the marten not only are abundant in nutrients, and delicious in meat, but also does not contain a chemical substance and hormone, and is free of toxic and side effects on a human body. Liquorice, almond, astragalus membranaceus and root of Chinese pulsatilla are also added to the feed, so that the fox, the racoon dog and the marten have little experience of illness, are free of fishy smell or muttony odour, and the resistance of the fox, the racoon dog and the marten are increased.

Provided is an electrophotographic member which can suppress adhesion of the toner component and fogging even in the case of printing a large number of sheets. The electrophotographic member includes an electroconductive support and an elastic layer and has convex portions composed of the elastic layer on a surface of the electrophotographic member and a filled portion containing a resin at a valley portion between the convex portions, the filled portion has a height lower than heights of the convex portions, and the surface of the electrophotographic member has a specific Martens hardness.

The invention provides a producing method of an imitation marten blanket. The method includes the following steps of firstly, weaving, wherein wool yarn and bottom yarn are each woven on a weaving machine after being warped on a warping machine, a gray fabric is obtained after cloth width expanding and cloth inspecting, and the bottom yarn and the wool yarn are full drawn yarn (FDY); secondly, preliminary finishing, wherein sizing treatment and lustring treatment are conducted on the obtained gray fabric; thirdly, dyeing and finishing, wherein printing or dyeing, preliminary drying, ageing color fixation, washing, dewatering and drying are conducted on the gray fabric obtained after preliminary treatment; fourthly, post-treatment, wherein milling, brushing, lustring and ironing and shearing, bronzing, tailoring and sewing are conducted on figured cloth obtained after drying and finishing to obtain the imitation marten blanket; fifthly packaging and putting in storage, wherein the obtained imitation marten blanket is packaged and put in storage. The method is simple in process and saves production cost, and the produced imitation marten blanket has a rich-texture hair side and is good in softness, filling power and erectness.

The invention relates to an emulsion for injection, which is used for controlling parasites in vitro and in vivo. The emulsion for injection comprises the following components: 0.5 percent to 1 percent (w / v) of ivermectin, 5 percent to 10 percent (w / v) of benzyl benzoate, 2.5 percent to 5 percent (w / v) of poloxamer, 5 percent to 20 percent (w / v) of refined soybean oil, and the balance of distilled water. In the formula, v is volume unit ml, and w is weight unit g. The ivermectin emulsion for injection is an oil-in-water emulsion, wherein the ivermectin is a macrolide medicine with the antiparasitic activity, the poloxamer is an emulsifier, the benzyl benzoate is a medicine dissolving agent, the refined soybean oil is an oil-phase diluent, and the distilled water is a water-phase diluent. The emulsion for the injection has favorable repelling and killing action to the parasites both insides and outsides the animal body, has wide use range, and can be used for various animals including big animals such as cattle, sheep, pigs and the like, small animals such as dogs, cats, pets and the like as well as economical animals such as foxes, martens, racoon dogs and the like.

The invention discloses a mink aphrodisiac feed. The feed contains main feed and additional components, wherein the main feed comprises the following components by weight percent: 53% of marine trash fish, 18% of animal wastes, 12% of steamed corn flour, 2% of steamed wheat flour, 0.01% of steamed soybean flour, 8% of animal liver, 3% of blood flour and the balance water; the additional components comprise the following components by weight, for one mink per day: 2g of shallot, 2g of yeast powder, 0.001g of cobalt chloride, 0.2g of angelica sinensis, 0.2g of radix astragali preparata, 0.1g of epimedium, 0.1g of actinolite, 0.2g of tuckahoe, 0.1g of the root of herbaceous peony, 0.1g of cuscuta chininsis, 0.1g of cistanche salsa, 0.1g of morinda officinalis, 0.1g of atractylodes macrocephala, 0.1g of codonopsis pilosula and 0.1g of szechuan lovage rhizome. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: when the aphrodisiac feed is used in the breeding season of mink, the estrus rate of mink can be obviously increased, the fetus can be protected, the neonatal mortality rate can be reduced, and the survival rate of newborn mink can be increased.

A Chinese medicine in the form of powder for promoting growth of fur animal (fox, racoon dog, marten, etc) is prepared from 6 Chinese-medicinal materials including fleece flower root, astragalus root, pilose asiabell root, haw, etc.

The invention relates to a splicing method for mink fur garments, comprising the following steps: S1: cutting dyed mink fur of different colors into mink fur blocks of different widths; S2: longitudinally sewing the cut mink fur blocks sequentially Together, a mink fur group is formed, and a plurality of mink fur groups are sewn together longitudinally in turn to form a mink belt; S3: the mink belt is longitudinally cut into thin mink strips of equal width; The thin strips of mink fur formed in S3 are spliced ​​along the horizontal direction, and the adjacent thin strips of mink fur are equidistantly spaced at a certain distance in the vertical direction; S5: After post-processing, the mink fur garments are made into finished garments. The invention also discloses a mink fur garment made by the splicing method. The splicing method of the mink fur garment of the present invention has good effect and high efficiency; the mink fur garment produced by the splicing method of the present invention has a beautiful appearance, is fashionable and is comfortable to wear.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a decorative sheet having a bulging section on the surface thereof, wherein the bulging section is effectively inhibited from cracking during molding, and the decorative sheet is imparted with exceptional scratch resistance and quality of design in the convex / concave features on the bulging section after molding. The present invention pertains to a decorative sheet having a bulging section formed by a cured product of an ionizing-radiation-curable resin composition on a substrate sheet, the cured product of the ionizing-radiation-curable resin composition having a Martens hardness in a range of 10-120 N / mm2 at a temperature of 25° C. and a relative humidity of 50%.

The invention relates to marten feed and a feeding method for a marten. The marten feed is prepared from 10 to 20 parts of chicken bone, 5 to 10 parts of chicken liver, 10 to 20 parts of duck bone, 5 to 10 parts of fish powder, 10 to 15 parts of white mouse meat powder, 5 to 10 parts of egg, 20 to 30 parts of corn flour, 10 to 20 parts of wheat bran, 5 to 10 parts of locust powder, 5 to 10 parts of amur grape, 5 to 10 parts of apple, 5 to 10 parts of mountain pear, 5 to 10 parts of dandelion, 20 to 30 parts of seaweed, 10 to 20 parts of dried small shrimp, 10 to 20 parts of milk, 5 to 10 parts of hawthorn, 3 to 5 parts of dried ginger, 5 to 8 parts of complex vitamin and 3 to 5 parts of compound micro-element by weight. The feeding method for the marten mainly includes making the marten move, and the feeding method for the marten is capable of guaranteeing the fresh meat and smooth fur. The marten feed is quick to absorb and enables the marten to grow quickly and have healthy skin and smooth and bright fur. The feeding method for the marten is easy to perform and good for popularization.

The invention relate to an experiment device and a method of an indoor soil column for simulating a soil pollution and repair treatment process, belongs to the technical field of indoor experiment devices for simulating soil pollution and repair treatment process. The technical solution is that: the top of an experiment device bracket (1) is provided with a Martens flask (3); there are several soil column tubes (8), which are arranged in the inside of the experimental device bracket from left to right, and the bottom of ta soil column tube is provided with a bottom tube sealer (18); one side of a liquid supply tube (6) is connected to the Martens flask, and the other end is connected to a liquid inlet valve (5) and divided into multiple paths, each of which extends into the corresponding soil column opening through a drip valve (7); one end of a liquid outlet tube is connected to the bottom sealer, and the other end is inserted into a liquid collection bottle through a liquid dischargevalve (20). According to the experiment device and the method of the indoor soil column for simulating the soil pollution and repair treatment process, taking the soil sample at any time without stopping the experimental process is realized, the real-time monitoring of the experimental process is realized, the experiment efficiency is improved, the experiment cost is reduced, and the reliabilityof the experimental result is improved.

The invention relates to a Chinese medicinal composition for treating diarrhea of foxes, raccoon dogs and martens. The Chinese medicinal composition is prepared by smashing and mixing the following Chinese medicines in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 2-8 parts of baikal skullcap root, 20-40 parts of pomegranate peel, 8-20 parts of red halloysite, 5-20 parts of fried dark plum fruit and 15-30 parts of liquoric root. The Chinese medicinal composition disclosed by the invention is mainly used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, stopping dysentery and thickening intestinal tracts, is easy to prepare, is low in cost, and is safe and reliable; and after foxes, raccoon dogs and martens are fed with the Chinese medicinal composition, symptoms are relieved rapidly, quick recovery is realized, and a remarkable curative effect is achieved.

The invention discloses a formula of a skin-nourishing anti-acne spot-removing skin cream and a preparation method thereof. The formula comprises: cetostearyl alcohol, triclosan, vitamin E, water, glycerin, xanthan gum, amino acid humectant, sodium hyaluronate, potassium azelate diglycine solution, paeonol, glabridin, propylene glycol, GM-BP, dimethicone, marten oil, tricaprin, echium oil and D-arbutin and punicosides. The skin cream has the function of repairing external injury and ultraviolet-injured cell genes to achieve the special effects of skin nourishing, acne clearing, spot removing and whitening, and has the special effects of tightening skin elastic fibers and strengthening the metabolism of subcutaneous melanin particles. The skin cream can not only inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and dopachrome tautomerase to reduce pigmentation, but also enhance the effect of refining the skin, moisturizing and whitening. At the same time, the skin cream has the functions of moisturizing, whitening, rejuvenating, acne clearing, spot removing, allergic resistance and aging resistance.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing: a retardation film which has high contrast and exhibits excellent wound state stability during the production of a long laminated roll; a method for producing the retardation film; and a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device, each of which is provided with the retardation film. A retardation film of the present invention contains a cellulose acylate that has a degree of substitution of acetyl groups within the range of 2.0-2.5, and is characterized in that if one surface of the retardation film is referred to as surface A and the other surface of the retardation film is referred to as surface B, the Martens hardness of surface A and the Martens hardness of surface B are both within the range of 190-210 N / mm2, and the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of surface A and the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of the surface B are both within the range of 0.5-2.0 nm.

The invention provides a method for identifying animal fur based on a PCR technology and belongs to the field of identification of animal fur material texture. The method comprises the following steps that enough DNA is extracted from a tanned animal fur product, amplification is performed by adopting specific primers of common martens (sables, pine martens, American martens and Japanese martens), mustelia (yellow weasel and ferrets) and minks respectively and utilizing the PCR technology, whether marten, mustelia or mink ingredients are contained in the animal fur or not is identified, and the detection limit can be up to 20 pg. The method has the advantages of making results accurate and being high in sensitivity and specificity, stable, objective and the like. The method can serve as a confirmation method of a fur texture identification and macroscopic observation method and a microscope detection method and provide objective results when questions are produced in transaction can also provide technical support for market supervision and has a wide application prospect.

The developing apparatus includes: a developing roller rotatable in a first rotation direction; and a developer regulating member, wherein the developing roller includes: a substrate; an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate; and insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer, wherein the electro-conductive elastic layer has a certain Martens hardness, the developing roller has a surface including surfaces of the insulating domains and a surface of the electro-conductive elastic layer, which is uncovered with the insulating domains at a certain area ratio, wherein the developer regulating member comprises: an abutting portion which is in contact with the surface of the developing roller, and a certain projection portion extending to an upstream side from the abutting portion in the first rotation direction, the developing apparatus has a certain gap between a side of the projection portion facing to the developing roller, and the surface of the developing roller.

A structure having dry-wiping off characteristic relative to dirt attached to a concave-convex shaped surface of the structure, and a method for producing the structure. A structure having a concave-convex shaped surface, fabricated from a composition containing at least one compound having in a molecule, one to ten polymerizable group(s) and a photopolymerization initiator, wherein the structure has a Martens hardness of 3 N / mm2 or more and 130 N / mm2 or less when the Martens hardness of the structure is measured under a condition under which a Martens hardness of a molten quartz is 4,100 N / mm2. The structure is produced by applying the composition onto a substrate; pressing a coating film on the substrate into a concave-convex shaped face of a mold; photocuring the coating film while it is pressed into the concave-convex shaped face of the mold; and peeling the cured film on the substrate from the mold.

The invention discloses a microcapsule type brightening eye cream which is a microcapsule with a core-shell structure. A capsule wall is prepared from the following materials: ammonium alginate, sodium polyacrylate and hyaluronic acid; a capsule core is prepared from the following materials: marten oil, squalane, lecithin, jojoba wax, glycerol, batyl alcohol, serine, corn porous starch, a mountain elm alcohol extract, an arabidopsis alcohol extract, bee milk, opoponax alcohol, a coenzyme Q10 and a surfactant. Through the microcapsule type brightening eye cream, the corn porous starch is used for adsorbing grease ingredients and active ingredients adsorbed in the materials of the capsule core, so that the microcapsule type brightening eye cream is capable of slowly and uniformly releasing the active ingredients and the grease adsorbed in the corn porous starch during use and is incapable of releasing a large quantity of the active ingredients and the grease in a short time and causing excessive nutrition and grease to the skin, thereby avoiding the generation of fat granules; the microcapsule type brightening eye cream also has the characteristic of excellent permeability.

The invention discloses a specific wavelength light control device capable of improving synchronous estrus efficiency of fur-bearing animals like rabbits, cats and martens and a control method thereof. The device comprises a specific wavelength light source and a light source controller, the light source controller comprises an intelligent dynamic time relay, a light intensity sensor and a PLC(programmable logic controller) processor, the specific wavelength light source is mounted above the middle of a shed for the fur-bearing animals like the rabbits, the cats and the martens, to-be-mated cages are arranged on two sides in the shed for the fur-bearing animals like the rabbits, the cats and the martens, and the light source controller is arranged on one side of a wall; the control device further comprises ear tag radio frequency recognizers, one ear tag radio frequency recognizer is mounted on one ear of each fur-bearing animal, and signals of the ear tag radio frequency recognizers are transmitted to the PLC processor. By the specific wavelength light control device and the control method, a specific wavelength light source can be emitted dynamically in a needed time period, light-sensitive characteristics of the fur-bearing animals like the rabbits, the cats and the martens can be utilized to induce synchronous estrus of the fur-bearing animals like the rabbits, the cats and the martens, tolerant effect on the fur-bearing animals like the rabbits, the cats and the martens by using exogenous hormones is eliminated, and labor input and production cost are lowered remarkably.

The invention discloses a full-automatic feeding machine for marten breeding and a control system of the full-automatic feeding machine for marten breeding. The full-automatic feeding machine for marten breeding comprises a feeding mechanism, a frame, a guide rail way, a pneumatic mechanism and a control mechanism. A driver is arranged on the frame, the feeding mechanism is installed at one end of the frame, the guide rail way is installed in the middle of the frame, and the pneumatic mechanism is installed at the other end of the frame. The feeding mechanism is connected with the guide rail way, the pneumatic mechanism and the feeding mechanism are connected with the driver of the frame, and the control mechanism is connected with the feeding mechanism and the pneumatic mechanism respectively. The full-automatic feeding machine for marten breeding has the advantages that a feeding passage (a feeding gun) is additionally arranged, so the feeding efficiency of each machine is improved by one time; the control system installed in the full-automatic feeding machine for marten breeding can improve accuracy of feeding and save manual cost; based on the conditioned reflex theory of Pavlov, a music player device is additionally arranged, and therefore the breeding effect is effectively enhanced.

The invention relates to an intelligent vehicle mouse expeller with low power consumption in a vehicle. The mouse expeller comprises a speed detection sensor, a processing control chip, a high voltage generating unit, an ultrasonic output unit and a power supply, wherein the speed detection sensor is arranged in the vehicle and used for detecting the running speed of the vehicle in real time; the processing control chip is used for receiving a signal detected by the speed detection sensor and processing the signal; and the power supply is used for providing electrical energy for the mouse expeller. When the vehicle runs, the high voltage generating unit, the ultrasonic output unit and a luminous indicating unit stop working, the mouse expeller is in a standby state, and the consumed current is weak; when the vehicle is static, the high voltage generating unit, the ultrasonic output unit and the luminous indicating unit work, and small animals such as mice, martens and the like are expelled through sine wave generated by the mouse expeller and ultrasonic generated by a modulated wave amplifier; and meanwhile, the output end of a transformer generates a direct-current high voltage, and the high voltage is loaded to a high voltage contact plate, so that the mouse expeller generates a high voltage and realizes the expelling function.

To provide a combination of a cylinder made of a hypereutectic Al—Si alloy and a hard-carbon-coated piston ring both exhibiting excellent wear resistance, the piston ring is provided with a laminate coating at least on an outer peripheral sliding surface thereof; the laminate coating comprising a metal layer, a metal-containing, hard carbon layer, and a metal-free, hard carbon layer in this order from the substrate side; the laminate coating having Martens' hardness (indentation hardness) HMs of 5-13 GPa, indentation modulus E of 70-200 GPa, and a deformation ratio Rpe of 0.45 or less, which is expressed by a ratio (Wp / We) of plastic deformation energy Wp to elastic deformation energy We; and a ratio (Tmf / Tm) of the thickness Tmf of the metal-free, hard carbon layer to the thickness Tm of the metal-containing, hard carbon layer being 2-8.

The invention provides a feed for supplementing calcium for a fox, a raccoon dog and a marten. The feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of calcium-containing additive, 10-30 parts of cane sugar, 3-8 parts of taurine and 30-70 parts of auxiliary materials. The calcium-containing additive is a mixture of calcium lactate and calcium chloride, and the auxiliary materials are at least one of mountain flour, zeolite powder and maifanite. The feed for supplementing the calcium has the characteristics of high absorption speed and high bioavailability, can be effectively prevented from being corroded by gastric acid, is beneficial to the increase of the stability, and can be widely applied to the culture of the fox, the raccoon dog and the marten.

The invention discloses a mink feed traditional Chinese medicine, which is characterized in that the invention comprises, by weight, the following traditional Chinese medicine: 10-20 parts of angelica sinensis, 10-20 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 10-20 parts of red peony roots, 10-20 parts of cyperus rotundus L, 10-20 parts of combined spicebush, 15-25 parts of motherwort, 10-20 parts of Chinese foxglove, 10-20 parts of himalayan teasel roots, 10-20 parts of rhizoma corydalis, and 8-12 parts of licorice. The invention is combined with a proper amount of yellow rice wine as a guiding drug, and after flavor-removing processing, the invention is fed along with the feeds during the estrus of female minks. The technology changes the ratio of male and female minks in one farrow by feeding a certain amount of traditional Chinese medicine, and increases the production benefit of mink culture. By feeding traditional Chinese medicine, the acidity-alkalinity of the vagina and the uterus of female minks is changed, and therefore the vitality of the Y chromosome is increased. Meanwhile, because of the toxin-expelling effect of traditional Chinese medicine, the toxin of minks themselves is reduced, and the green environmental protection level of the marten is increased.

A preparation method for nutritional solution for improving growth of fur-bearing animals and application thereof are provided. The nutritional solution mainly contains earthworm enzymolysis product extraction liquid, a vitamin semi-finished product, lactic acid bacteria and methionine. The preparation method comprises preparing the earthworm enzymolysis product extraction liquid: mixing dry earthworms and water according to the proportion of 1:6-8, enabling the mixture to react for 20-30 hours under the condition of 50 DEG C-65 DEG C, and obtaining a reactant; centrifuging the reactant for 5-10 minutes at 1500-1800r / min under the condition of 4 DEG C, and obtaining supernatant serving as the earthworm enzymolysis product extraction; preparing a vitamin semi-finished product; and evenly mixing the earthworm enzymolysis product extraction liquid, the vitamin semi-finished product, lactic acid bacteria and methionine according to mass ratio to obtain the final product. The nutritional solution is used for the whole growing period of foxes, martens and raccoons after ablactation. The preparation method is simple, and the nutritional solution can remarkably improve the growing speed of the fur-bearing animals and lays the foundation for production of high-quality hide.

Disclosed is fabrication of a resin compact using a mold.The mold includes a resin mold body satisfies any one of conditions which are:a width of a protrusion is 5 nm or greater and less than 50 nm, an aspect ratio of the protrusion is 2 or greater, and Martens hardness is 200 or greater;the width of the protrusion is 50 nm or greater and less than 100 nm, the aspect ratio of the protrusion is 3 or greater, and Martens hardness is 200 or greater; andthe width of the protrusion is 100 nm or greater and less than 1 μm, the aspect ratio of the protrusion is 4 or greater, and Martens hardness is 150 or greater.The inversion pattern has a space between the adjacent protrusions less than twice a height of the protrusion.The mold further includes an adhesion layer and a release layer.

The present invention provides an optical layered body having excellent hardness, abrasion resistance, and flexibility.The present invention provides an optical layered body having a hard coat layer on one side of a triacetylcellulose substrate, wherein a Martens hardness (N1) of a surface of the hard coat layer, a Martens hardness (N2) of the center of the cross-section of the hard coat layer, and a Martens hardness (N3) of the center of the cross-section of the triacetylcellulose substrate have a relationship of N2>N1>N3 as determined by nanoindentation, and the hard coat layer has a pencil hardness of 4H or more as measured by a test in accordance with a pencil hardness test defined in JIS K5600-5-4 (1999) at a load of 4.9 N.

The invention discloses a marten skinning machine which comprises a bracket. A control box is arranged on the bracket, an oil tank is arranged at the bottom of the bracket, an air cylinder is installed at the top end of the bracket, the top of the air cylinder is connected with a sliding rod, a sensor is arranged on the air cylinder, a crutch is arranged on the sliding rod, a tightening frame is arranged at the bottom end of the sliding rod, and an adjustable rod is arranged on the crutch. By adopting an air over hydraulic working principle, the marten skinning machine has the advantages of high working efficiency and simple structure and can ensure the integrity of skinning.