4565results about How to "Avoid erosion" patented technology

The disclosure is directed to a resilient implant for implantation into human or animal joints to act as a cushion allowing for renewed joint motion. The implant endures variable joint forces and cyclic loads while reducing pain and improving function after injury or disease to repair, reconstruct, and regenerate joint integrity. The implant is deployed in a prepared debrided joint space, secured to at least one of the joint bones and expanded in the space, molding to surrounding structures with sufficient stability to avoid extrusion or dislocation. The implant has opposing walls that move in varied directions, and an inner space filled with suitable filler to accommodate motions which mimic or approximate normal joint motion. The implant pads the damaged joint surfaces, restores cushioning immediately and may be employed to restore cartilage to normal by delivering regenerative cells.

A chalcopyrite type solar cell has a mica aggregate substrate formed by binding mica particulates with a resin. A multilayer body consisting of a first electrode, a light absorption layer and a second electrode is formed on the mica aggregate substrate with a smoothing layer and a binder layer interposed between the substrate and the body. The smoothing layer is preferably made of SiN or SiO₂, and the binder layer is made of TiN or TaN.

Plating accelerator is applied selectively to a substantially-unfilled wide (e.g., low-aspect-ratio feature cavity. Then, plating of metal is conducted to fill the wide feature cavity and to form an embossed structure in which the height of a wide-feature metal protrusion over the metal-filled wide-feature cavity is higher than the height of metal over field regions. Most of the overburden metal is removed using non-contact techniques, such as chemical wet etching. Metal above the wide feature cavity protects the metal-filled wide-feature interconnect against dishing, and improved planarization techniques avoid erosion of the metal interconnect and dielectric insulating layer. In some embodiments, plating of metal onto a substrate is conducted to fill narrow (e.g., high-aspect-ratio feature cavities) in the dielectric layer before selective application of plating accelerator and filling of the wide feature cavity.

A reduction in contaminating impurities in a TFT, and a TFT which is reliable, is obtained in a semiconductor device which uses the TFT. By removing contaminating impurities residing in a film interface of the TFT using a solution containing fluorine, a reliable TFT can be obtained.

The invention relates to an ecological protection method for a high steep side slope. The method mainly comprises the steps of slope surface treatment, concrete shotcrete and rock bolt support, vegetating hole arrangement, net spreading, spray material preparation, granule spray sowing, maintenance, management, and the like. In the method, guest soil materials such as humus loam rich in organic matters and clay are utilized to undergo a granule reaction after mixed with a granule agent at the moment of spray sowing so as to form a greening template which has the same high order granule structure as natural soil and strong erosion resistance and can suppress water and soil loss. After a diversified mature plant community which is in harmony with surrounding vegetation environment is formed, the slope surface can be protected, which can effectively resist diseases and insect pests and maintain the ecological balance. Post maintenance management and expenses can be saved. All used materials can be naturally degraded, have no pollution to the environment and can purify air and beautify the environment. Equipment of the method does not need to be hung on the slope surface for construction, and spray sowing operations are carried out only below the slope surface, thus the method has high construction speed and safety. The method is suitable for slope surfaces which are difficult to green, and the like, such as various high steep and unstable slope surfaces, bare slope surfaces having high greening expected values, and the like.

A system for capturing displaced fluid or pumping fluid through tubulars being run into or out of the wellbore is described. Embodiments are supported by a traveling block and top drive unit with telescoping features to rapidly seal over a tubular to connect the tubular to a mud system. Alternative sealing arrangements for sealing inside the tubular connection are also disclosed. These alternate sealing arrangements also provide flow areas larger than the tubular body since no portion of these arrangements enter the tubular body. All of the sealing arrangements provide a biased area whereby any internal pressure in the invention forces the seals into more intimate contact with their mating seal surfaces. A mudsaver valve having a large flow capacity is described to keep fluid from spilling when the apparatus is removed from the tubular. This mudsaver valve also provides for pumping of fluid into the tubular or flow of fluid from the tubular to the mud system prior to removing the apparatus from the tubular. In these embodiments, the apparatus can be placed in threaded sealing contact with the tubular and can incorporate a safety valve that can be manually closed in the event of a well kick. In another embodiment, a singular control input accomplishes operation of the apparatus to extend or retract the telescoping feature. Also illustrated is a drain valve that provides a method of completely removing all fluid pressure from within the apparatus prior to removing the apparatus from the tubular. The drain system also provides a means of disposing of the excess fluid away from the rig floor where spillage is a danger to the personnel or environment. The drain system can also be connected to a scavenger system that is intended as a vacuum system for removal of spillage. Connection to this system eliminates all possible spillage and completely removes fluids from the tubular handling area.

The invention discloses a method for improving the alkaline resistance of an anode oxide film on the surface of an aluminum or aluminum alloy material. The method comprises the following steps: performing polishing pretreatment on the aluminum or aluminum alloy material, performing anodic oxidation treatment in electrolytic liquid containing organic acid, inorganic acid and soluble oxysalt, performing closing treatment on an oxide film obtained after the anodic oxidation treatment, and forming a silane film layer on the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy material subjected to the closing treatment. The method for surface treatment of the aluminum or aluminum alloy material is easy to perform, economic, environment-friendly and capable of effectively improving the alkaline resistance of the anode oxide film on the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy material.

The invention relates to a restoration method for a damaged ecosystem in a steep-slope area in a water-level-fluctuating zone of a reservoir. The method comprises the following steps:when the impounded water level is at the lowest point, cleaning the upstream slope in the water-level-fluctuating zone, and manually tamping; digging planting holes at the top of the slope, and planting Chinese red pines and the like to form a multifunctional protective forest belt; digging planting grooves and planting holes within the range of the water-level-fluctuating zone, laying jute geotextile, planting vetiver within the range with the water-level-fluctuating depth of 2m to form a hedgerow; and mixedly planting vetiver and wire grass within the range with the water-level-fluctuating depth of 2-10m to form a combined vegetation slope restoration belt. The protective forest belt, the hedgerow and the combined vegetation slope restoration belt form a three-dimensional restoration space together, thereby ensuring that plants can take roots and restore in the steep-slope area in the water-level-fluctuating zone. By restoring the vegetation in large area, the invention effectively reduces the overland flow and the soil erosion, and improves the fertility and the properties of the soil, thereby restoring the damaged ecosystem. The invention has the advantages of convenient construction and less investment, can not be easily damaged by water, and is applicable to the water-level-fluctuating zone of a reservoir with large water-level-fluctuating range and precipitous topography.

The present invention relates to hard coating of ferrous metal substrates using a laser beam with diamond particles in a metal matrix produced from precursor powders of metals which bond to the diamond particles and to the ferrous substrate. The hard coating is particularly useful for white iron castings for pumps ( 200 ) used in piping tar sand and water mixtures.

A protector for the leading edge of a rotor blade to provide enhanced erosion protection thereof. In an embodiment, the protector includes an energy absorption member attached to the rotor blade by a first adhesive bond layer and an erosion resistant member attached to the energy absorption member by a second adhesive bond layer. The erosion resistant member is operative to protect the leading edge of the rotor blade from erosion due to impacts from particulate matter, such as sand and rain. The energy absorption member is operative to absorb and disburse energy from impacts to the erosion protection member so that forces from the impacts are diminished or not transferred to the rotor blade. In another embodiment, the erosion resistant member is coated with a diamond film. As the diamond film is harder than sand, excellent resistance to wear from particulate matter and impacts rain is obtained. Other advantages provided by use of the diamond film include: 1) an ultra-smooth surface that reduces drag on the rotor blade whereby flight performance may be improved, and 2) by being ultra-smooth and chemically inert de-icing equipment may not be needed.