37 results about "Half-reaction" patented technology

Atomic layer deposition in a roll-to-roll manufacturing environment is disclosed. At least a portion of a substrate from a first roll is disposed in a chamber. A first atomic layer deposition (ALD) half reaction is performed on the portion of the substrate while the portion is within the chamber. A subsequent ALD half reaction may be performed on the same portion of the substrate to form a layer of material. Multiple ALD sequences may be performed by passing the substrate through a sequence of ALD reaction chambers or by passing the substrate through one or more ALD reaction chambers in a continuous loop.

An improved process for the manufacture of ethylene oxide through the epoxidation of ethylene using a catalyst comprising silver and at least one efficiency-enhancing salt of a member of a redox-half reaction pair. Added to the epoxidation reaction is a two-component gas-phase promoter system comprising a chlorine-containing component (for example ethyl chloride, methyl chloride, vinyl chloride and ethylene dichloride), and a nitrogen-containing component of nitric oxide and other compounds capable of generating under reaction conditions at least one gaseous efficiency-enhancing member of a redox-half reaction pair comprising NO, NO₂, N₂O₃ or N₂O₄. The amount of each component of said gaseous promoter is adjusted to maintain the ration of N* to Z* less than or equal to 1 wherein, N* is the nitric oxide equivalent in ppmv, ranging from 1 to 20 ppmv and Z*=ethyl chloride equivalent (ppmv)*100 percent/ethane equivalent (mol percent)*100 ranging from 5 to 40 ppmv.

The invention relates to a staged membrane bioreactor device, for treating sewage or micro-polluted source water, with a water container, pertaining to the environmental protection technology field. The device consists of a half-reaction zone, an anaerobic reaction zone, an aeration reaction zone and a pure water zone. The half-reaction is communicated with the bottom of the aeration zone, the bottom of the half-reaction is provided with an empty valve, one side of the half-reaction zone has a water inlet pump, the inside of the half-reaction has an internal ring filled with stuff, and the top of the half-reaction is provided with a stirrer, and the effluent of the half-reaction automatically flows into the anaerobic reaction zone. The top of the anaerobic reaction zone is provided with a stirrer, the bottom thereof is provided with a sludge empty valve, and a sludge empty device is shaped like a horn mouth and positioned in the anaerobic reaction zone, and the top of the anaerobic reaction zone is provided with a drug feeding mouth. The bottom of the aeration reaction zone has an internal return pump, the lower part of the aeration reaction zone is provided with an aeration pipe with an air inlet positioned at one side of the aeration reaction zone, and a fan is connected to the aeration pipe through the air inlet; the top of the aeration reaction zone is provided with an overflow pipe, the bottom of the aeration reaction zone is provided with an empty valve, while the middle is provided with a membrane component. The pure water zone is divided into two units, and the inside of each unit is provided with an effluent valve. The invention has the advantages of good effluent quality, multi purposes, small land occupancy, flexible and convenient using method, and is applied to the treatment of domestic sewage and micro-polluted source water, and can widen and facilitate the application of membrane bioreactor water treatment and water resource reutilization technique.

The invention provides equipment for directly producing hydrogen through osmotic energy and a use method for the equipment. Specifically, the equipment for directly producing the hydrogen through the osmotic energy comprises a reverse electrodialysis device, an anolyte storage tank, a catholyte storage tank, a concentrated solution storage tank and a diluted solution storage tank. According to the technical scheme, under the circumstance that a power source is not added externally, potential energy difference of saline solutions with different concentrations is used, an alkaline electrolyte and an acidic electrolyte are adopted in an anode chamber and a cathode chamber on the two sides of the reverse electrodialysis device correspondingly, hydrolysis half-reaction occurs on an electrode of the reverse electrodialysis device directly, the hydrogen and oxygen are generated, and the gases are separated on line through a gas-liquid separation system. Through the equipment and the use method, energy consumption of hydrolysis hydrogen production can be lowered, the electrode stability is improved, the process is simple, externally added energy is not needed, pollution is avoided, and hydrogen production efficiency is high.

The invention provides a novel tin oxide semiconductor photocatalyst. A bivalent chloride of tin SnCl2.2H2O or a bivalent bromide of tin SnBr2.2H2O is dissolved in methanol or ethanol, and a hydrothermal reaction is carried out in a hydrothermal reaction kettle at 150 DEG C to obtain a SnO2 nano semiconductor material with visible light response, wherein the average grain size is 2.5nm, the absorption edge of single-phase SnO2 powder reaches 570nm and is corresponding to a bandgap of 2.17eV, higher light anode current is displayed within a visible wavelength range and reaches a mA/cm<2> level, and half reaction activity of producing hydrogen and oxygen is also achieved. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving the bivalent chloride of tin SnCl2.2H2O or the bivalent bromide of tin SnBr2.2H2O in methanol or ethanol to prepare an alcoholic solution with concentration of 20mmol/L, carrying out the hydrothermal reaction in the hydrothermal reaction kettle at 150 DEG C for at least 24 hours, standing, filtering, and drying filtrate solid at 50-80 DEG C to obtain the novel tin oxide semiconductor photocatalyst. The application comprises: preparing the product into a photoelectrode. Under visible light response, the photoelectrode has higher photoelectrochemical water splitting activity, so that the photoelectrode is used for photocatalytic water splitting or is used as a visible-light-induced photocatalyst.

The invention discloses a quantum dot catalyst doped with metal ions. The catalyst includes a light-harvesting unit and a catalyzing unit, wherein the light-harvesting unit includes one, two or several kinds of quantum dots, and the catalyzing unit comprises the metal ions doped in the quantum dots. The metal ions are dispersed on the quantum dots in the following one or several manners that: (1) the metal ions are adhered to the surface of the quantum dots; (2) the metal ions are uniformly dispersed in the quantum dots; (3) the metal ions are disposed in the quantum dots in a gradient alloy way; (4) the metal ions are merely disposed on cores of core-shell quantum dots; (5) the metal ions are merely disposed on shells of the core-shell quantum dots; (6) both the cores and shells of the core-shell quantum dots are doped with the metal ions. The invention further discloses a photocatalytic hydrogen production system of doped quantum dots. The system has high efficiency of a quantum-dot-catalyst photocatalytic hydrogen production system and simplicity of a single quantum-dot photocatalytic hydrogen production system. The system can conveniently combine with an oxygen production half-reaction to totally decompose water.

The invention relates to a method for recycling ferric sulphide-containing tailings. According to the method, oxidizing half-reaction FeS2+8H2O -> Fe<3+>+16H<+>+2SO4<2->+15e<-> and reducing half-reaction 3.75O2+15H<+>+15e<-> -> 7.5H2O (3) are respectively put into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) for microbial leaching, so as to obtain ferric sulphide-containing tailings; and when metal is recovered, electrons released by oxidizing half-reaction can also be recovered by an outer circuit of the MFC in a form of electric energy, so that the operation cost is reduced. In addition, protons generated by oxidizing half-reaction are transmitted to a cathode to participate into reduction reaction to generate water, and are continuously consumed, so that the leaching rate can be significantly improved to improve the metal recovery rate; meanwhile, the generated water is environment-friendly and free of secondary pollution; and corrosion to equipment caused by acid production can also be retarded.

The invention relates to a surface modification method of inorganic pigments and belongs to the technical field of modification of industrial inorganic pigments. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out ball milling and crushing of inorganic pigments, then placing the inorganic pigments in a powder atomic layer deposition device, selecting precursors moderate in activity and vapor pressure, alternately filling the precursors in the inorganic pigments, forming single-layer active adsorption on the surfaces of the inorganic pigments through exchange of active functional groups andcompleting self-limited chemical half-reaction to generate dense films, and coating all the parts of the surfaces with the films with uniform thickness. Through the method, nano films generated by atomic layer deposition are used for coating the inorganic pigments; the coating uniformity is high; the nano films are especially used for uniformly coating inorganic pigments with small particles; thenano films generated by atomic layer deposition are dense in structure, uniform in thickness and excellent in consistency; through the characteristics of reaction mechanisms of the nano films, the nano films can be used for coating the inorganic pigments with different particle sizes.

The invention provides a computer auxiliary centering installation and correction device and a method for a diffraction element. The computer auxiliary centering installation and correction device for the diffraction element comprises a lathe main shaft, a location sensor, a chuck, a special fixture, an actuator, a threaded pressing ring, a microscope base, silica gel, lathe guide rail, a lather tool, a differentiation plate, an overlength working distance microscope objective, a light source, a half-reaction semi-permeable mirror, a charge coupled device (CCD) camera, a CCD imaging lens, a computer and a cross label. A special cross label is manufactured at the center of the diffraction element, a centering detection unit detects centering deviation, and meanwhile the computer automatically adjusts the location of the chuck according to location data which are fed back by the location sensor until the center precision meets a requirement of a tolerance, so automatic adjustment of the chuck stops. Finally, the microscope base which is provided with the diffraction element is conducted centering turning and is installed into a lens barrel. The computer auxiliary centering installing and correcting device and the method for the diffraction element solve the problems that centering center of sphere image can not be produced when the diffraction element is conducted centering installation and correction and manual adjustment of the chuck is low in efficiency and precision and achieves the computer auxiliary control on the diffraction element centering installation and correction.

The invention discloses a ruthenium water oxidation catalyst based on an electronegative ligand and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of catalyst preparation. The overpotential of the molecular catalyst can be reduced through the electronegative ligand, so that the electronegative tridentate ligand with a conjugated system is designed and synthesized, simultaneouslya long carbon chain is also introduced into the molecular catalyst, and the electronegative tridentate ligand can be preferably combined with a carboxylated multi-wall carbon nanotube. Therefore, thewater oxidization catalyst has preferable electrochemical performance inside electro-catalysis water oxidation, so that the catalyst provides an effective half-reaction for water oxidation, and an effective approach is provided for solving environmental problems and energy problems.

The invention discloses a bifunctional catalyst for synchronously reducing water to produce hydrogen through photocatalytic oxidation of p-xylene and a preparation method and application of the bifunctional catalyst, and belongs to the field of composite photocatalysts.The preparation method comprises the steps that titanium dioxide, nickel chloride and cadmium acetate dihydrate are dissolved in water and mixed to obtain a uniform mixed solution; and dropwise adding a sodium sulfide solution into the uniformly mixed solution, adding sodium hydroxide and sodium borohydride, fully stirring, carrying out a hydrothermal reaction, and finally washing and drying to obtain the bifunctional catalyst. According to the method, PX is successfully oxidized into p-tolualdehyde through the photo-generated hole oxidation capacity generated in the photocatalysis process, meanwhile, hydrogen energy is prepared through photo-generated electron reduction water, oxidation and reduction half reactions in the photocatalysis process are fully utilized, and corresponding valuable products are obtained.

The invention relates to a sewage treatment half-reaction pool, which is in a helix shape and is divided into six layers. The upper part is designed into a curved pipe, and the layers are separated by baffle plates. The half-reaction pool is provided with a plurality of stuffings, the lower part of the half-reaction pool is provided with a water inlet, and the upper part is provided with a water outlet. The sewage treatment half-reaction pool provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, high reaction efficiency and long reaction time. The half-reaction pool is a helix-shaped labyrinth, the upper part of which is designed into the curved pipe, so that microorganisms can have sufficient contact space with organic matters and enough digestion time.

The invention relates to a carbon monoxide segmented heat transfer half-reaction shift process capable of adjusting water-gas ratio and used for carbonyl synthesis, which is equivalent to a two-stage adiabatic process catalyst filling amount, through bypass adjustment and shift catalyst dynamics control, the problems of over-temperature and methanation reaction of the section I of a shift converter caused by low load or water-gas ratio change can be avoided; before the crude synthesis gas enters a low-pressure steam generator, high-pressure boiler water is sprayed, so that a large amount of water can be discharged from the supersaturated crude synthesis gas during subsequent condensation, and more ash and impurities can be brought out, therefore, the arrangement of a detoxification tank can be cancelled, and the process is more simplified; the section I of the shift converter adopts dynamic control, reaction conditions are mild, and the service life of the catalyst is prolonged; through the bypass of the outlet of a gas-liquid separator, the temperature of the converted gas at the I-section outlet of the conversion furnace can be effectively adjusted, so that the superheat degree of the converted gas entering the medium-high pressure steam superheater is ensured, and stable superheated medium-high pressure steam is obtained.

The invention provides a photocatalyst for CO2 reduction-biomass oxidation coupling reaction and a preparation method thereof.The photocatalyst is synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method, and the composite photocatalyst LDH/N, N-dimethyl formamide is obtained by controlling the aging temperature, the reaction time and the proportion and variety of LDH and metal oxide; wherein N is an oxide with excellent light response capability and photo-induced electron capture capability, and interlayer anions of LDH are CO3 < 2->. The photocatalyst can generate more electrons (e <->) and holes (h < + >) in photocatalytic CO2 reduction-biomass oxidation coupling reaction, the electrons (e <->) and the holes (h < + >) participate in CO2 reduction half-reaction and biomass oxidation half-reaction respectively, and meanwhile, CO3 < 2-> pre-enriched between LDH laminates promotes the reduction half-reaction, so that the catalyst shows excellent catalytic performance.

The invention discloses a bifunctional composite material with ultra-small Ru nanoclusters loaded on MoO3-x nanobelts as well as a preparation method and application of the bifunctional composite material. According to the method, a MoO3 nanobelt is used as a carrier, ruthenium salt is used as a metal precursor, and the difunctional composite material with ultra-small Ru nanoclusters loaded on the MoO3-x nanobelt can be obtained through high-temperature reduction. Compared with a traditional material with Ru clusters loaded on other substrates, the method has the advantages that the sub-nano ruthenium clusters can be uniformly embedded in the MoO3-x phase, the composite material is uniform in structure and morphology, and high dispersion is realized. The negative charge regulation and control of MoO3 effectively avoids the agglomeration of Ru and Ostwald ripening in the reaction process. The preparation method is simple in process, has the characteristics of large specific surface area, multiple active sites and the like, shows excellent electrocatalytic activity in alkaline hydrazine oxidation reaction and alkaline water electrolysis device cathode and anode half reaction, and is wide in application range.