The invention discloses a storage box for agricultural by-products. The storage box comprises a storage box body, wherein the top of the storage box body is fixedly connected with a cooling box; the bottom of the inner cavity of the cooling box is fixedly connected with a housing; the bottom of the inner cavity of the housing is fixedly connected with a refrigerating device; and the two sides of the housing communicate with air suction tubes. According to the storage box disclosed by the invention, the storage box body, the cooling box, the refrigerating device, the housing, the air suction tubes, a fan, an air outlet tube, a temperature sensor, a mounting frame, a plasma generator, a sterilizing device, a placing plate, a box door, a base, an anti-sliding pad, a vent hole, a control box,a display panel, a control panel and a processor are matched with one another, so that the advantages of storing and retaining freshness are achieved, and therefore, the problem that an existing storage box for agricultural by-products does not have the functions of storing and retaining freshness is solved; and when the agricultural by-products are stored, the agricultural by-products do not go bad, so that eating or selling of people is not affected, and therefore, practicability of the storage box for agricultural by-products is improved.