The invention provides a spatial memory behavior training system guided by visual information. The spatial memory behavior training system comprises a maze, a rotatable bracket fixedly connected with the maze, and an animal behavior analysis device which is used for main control and data acquisition and analysis and comprises a controller, an industrial camera, a first feeder, a second feeder and a third feeder, the maze comprises a square box body, two bosses, a starting arm, a first decision arm, a second decision arm, a first return arm, a second return arm and five lifting type automatic doors, wherein the square box body is composed of a bottom plate, a display and three frame plates, the upper end of the square box body is open, the two bosses are arranged in the square box body, the starting arm is composed of the two bosses and the square box body, and the lifting type automatic doors are arranged in the five arms respectively; and an experimental animal starting point area, a decision area and a reward area are arranged in the maze, and the starting arm, the first decision arm and the second decision arm present different visual prompts during an experiment. When the system is used, space information and visual information can be effectively separated in animal space guiding, interference of human factors is reduced to the maximum extent, and excessive extra interference information caused by back-and-forth movement of animals is reduced.