1277results about How to "Reduce rolling resistance" patented technology

Diene rubber compositions are described containing a diene elastomer, a reinforcing inorganic filler, and a coupling agent wherein the inorganic filler includes a silica having the following characteristics:(a) a BET specific surface area between 45 and 400 m2 / g;(b) a CTAB specific surface area between 40 and 380 m2 / g;(c) an average particle size (by mass), dw, of 20 to 300 nm;and at least one of the following characteristics, preferably two and more preferably all three:(d) a particle size distribution such that dw≧ / CTAB)−30;(e) a porosity which meets the criterion L / FI≧−0.0025 CTAB+0.85;(f) an amount of silanols per unit of surface area, NSiOH / nm2; NSiOH / nm2≦−0.027 CTAB+10.5.These diene rubber compositions can be used for the manufacture of tires or of semi-finished products intended for tires.

This invention discloses a method for preparing rubber compositions that exhibit unique combinations of properties that are desirable for tire tread applications for enhanced snow / ice and wet traction, low rolling resistance and increased treadwear performance in comparison with conventional silica compounds. Specifically, a high reactively silane coupling agent, such as a mercaptosilane, is used in combination with a silane coupling typically used for silica tread compounds such as bis(triethoxylsilylpropyl)disulfide to treat silica pellets in a hydrocarbon solvent at elevated temperatures. The treated silica is then blended with solution elastomer cement in a hydrocarbon solvent. The deposited reactive silanes partially react with the elastomer molecules forming a layer of polymer grafted on the silica surfaced. This structure significantly improves the silica retention during the steam stripping operation. Almost 100% (99+%) silica retention has been achieved by this invention. After solvent removal from steam stripping, the treated silica / elastomer mixer is dewatered and dried using conventional equipment such as shaker screens, expellers and expanders to form a well-dispersed silica masterbatch. This technique results in silica compounds with excellent silica dispersion and increased filler-polymer interaction, hence enhanced compound performance such as better physical properties, more desirable dynamic properties (low hysteresis at high temperatures and high hysteresis at low temperatures) and increased abrasion resistance.

A rubber composition for a tire, in which a specific tackifier is compounded, and tackiness and various physical properties are improved, compared with compounding a petroleum resin or a terpene resin, is provided. The rubber composition for a tire comprising an alkyd resin and a pneumatic tire using the same. It is preferable that a material derived from a resource other than petroleum, particularly, a material derived from animal and / or vegetable, and more particularly, a material derived from an animal oil and / or a vegetable oil is contained in the alkyd resin, and it is preferable that unsaturated polybasic acid is contained in the alkyd resin.

A windmill 10 includes a frame 11 and a rotor 12 provided rotatively around the vertical shaft center. The rotor includes bosses 23, 24 located above and below, plural transversal blades 25 extending radially from the bosses, longitudinal blades 26 held by the front edges of the transversal blades 25 of both above and below bosses. The frame includes bearing 19, 20 supporting the bosses 23, 24 of the rotor rotatively around the vertical shaft center, spokes 17 provided radially supporting the bearing, and legs 15 holding the spoke 17 away from the ground. In the lower bearing 20, a generator connected to the boss 24 of the rotor 12 is accommodated.