48results about How to "Reduce carbon monoxide concentration" patented technology

There is disclosed a process for producing a hydrogen-containing gas, which comprises reacting methanol, steam and oxygen in the presence of (1) a catalyst comprising platinum and zinc oxide, wherein the content of the platinum is in the range of 5 to 50% by weight based on the total amount of the platinum and zinc oxide, or (2) a catalyst comprising platinum, zinc oxide and chromium oxide, wherein the atomic ratio of zinc to chromium (zinc / chromium) is in the range of 2 to 30, or (3) a catalyst comprising platinum, zinc oxide and at least one element selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth and indium. Each of the catalysts has a high activity and is excellent in heat resistance and selectivity to steam-reforming reaction, and accordingly is capable of efficiently producing a reformed gas which is composed principally of hydrogen and is well suited for use in a fuel cell and the like by means of auto thermal reaction reaction, while lowering the concentration of carbon monoxide in a reformed hydrogen-containing gas.

By using a catalyst formed by carrying a noble metal such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, or ruthenium, and an element from the 2B and 3B families such as zinc, gallium, or indium, on a basic metal oxide carrier, such as cerium dioxide or zirconium dioxide, or a catalyst formed by carrying similar noble metal and an alkali metal, such as sodium, potassium, or cesium, or an alkaline earth metal such as magnesium, calcium, or barium on a similar carrier, methanol can be water vapor reformed with a high efficiency while the carbon monoxide concentration in the obtained hydrogen-containing gas can be simultaneously kept at a low level.

In a hydrogen generator according to the invention, a reformer temperature sensor detects the temperature of a reformer at a start of a stop operation of a hydrogen generator. In a controller, a processing and controlling portion compares the detected temperature with first to fourth reference temperatures pre-stored in a storage portion, and determines which of the following conditions is the temperature condition of the hydrogen generator at the stop; a first condition in which water condensation occurs, a second condition in which water condensation and carbon deposition are avoidable, a third condition in which carbon deposition occurs, a fourth condition in which disproportionation reaction occurs, and a fifth condition in which oxidization of catalyst occurs. According to the determination result, an appropriate setting is selected among first to fifth replacement settings pre-stored in the controller corresponding to the first to fifth conditions, and an internal gas replacement operation is performed according to the selected setting.

A shift reaction section 32 is designed to have a maximum capacity of about 40% of the maximum capacity of reforming section 30. When hydrogen-rich gas is supplied to the shift reaction section 32 in excess of its maximum capacity, a blower 46 supplies air to the hydrogen-rich gas in an amount corresponding to the supply of hydrogen-rich gas, and oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide is performed in addition to the shift reaction. By controlling the amount of air supplied, the carbon monoxide concentration at the exit of the shift reaction section 32 is maintained at a concentration less than a predetermined value. As a result, a fuel reformer 20 can be made compact, and at the same time, the energy required to increase the temperature at the time of start up can be reduced.

An overfire air injector for use in a fossil fuel-fired combustion device includes a cylindrical nozzle having an outlet end formed with a step diffuser comprising one or more radial steps that enlarge the outlet end of the nozzle. An atomizer lance may be mounted within the nozzle, having a discharge orifice at the outlet end of the nozzle, for supplying a reducing agent to the overfire air to reduce NOx emissions.

An improved fuel processor for fuel cells is provided whereby the startup time of the processor is less than sixty seconds and can be as low as 30 seconds, if not less. A rapid startup time is achieved by either igniting or allowing a small mixture of air and fuel to react over and warm up the catalyst of an autothermal reformer (ATR). The ATR then produces combustible gases to be subsequently oxidized on and simultaneously warm up water-gas shift zone catalysts. After normal operating temperature has been achieved, the proportion of air included with the fuel is greatly diminished.

The invention provides a multistep process for preparing a low-sulfur reformate gas for use in a fuel cell system. The process comprises catalytic steam reforming of a reactant gas mixture comprising sulfur-containing hydrocarbons and steam in a first step to make a reformate, reducing the carbon monoxide content of the reformate in a second step, passing the reformate over a sulfur absorber either directly after the first step or after passage through the second step, and desorbing the sulfur components optionally absorbed on the catalysts in the reforming and reducing process steps by periodically raising the temperature so as to cause the sulfer components to pass to the absorber, wherein the temperature of the absorber during operation of the process is always kept within a temperature interval which is an optimum for the absorber.

There is provided a fuel cell system comprising: a reformer for generating a hydrogen gas stream from fuel through a catalytic chemical reaction using thermal energy; and a stack for generating electric energy through a reaction between the hydrogen gas stream and oxygen. The reformer includes: a first reaction section for generating thermal energy through an oxidation reaction of fuel during start-up of the fuel cell system; a second reaction section which communicates with the first reaction section and which generates the hydrogen gas stream from the fuel through a reforming reaction using the thermal energy; and a third reaction section which communicates with the first and second reaction sections, and which generates thermal energy through an oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide contained in the hydrogen gas stream, thereby reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in the hydrogen gas stream.

There is provided a catalyst for a water gas shift reaction in a hydrogen gas which is able to effectively remove CO in the hydrogen gas within a broader temperature range. Such a catalyst for the water gas shift reaction is characterized in that a metal oxide carrier supports at least platinum. The catalyst can be used for removing carbon monoxide in the hydrogen gas. Particularly, such a catalyst can be used in the water gas shift reaction for removing carbon monoxide in a reformed gas in a fuel cell generation system.

In a hydrogen generator according to the invention, a reformer temperature sensor detects the temperature of a reformer at a start of a stop operation of a hydrogen generator. In a controller, a processing and controlling portion compares the detected temperature with first to fourth reference temperatures pre-stored in a storage portion, and determines which of the following conditions is the temperature condition of the hydrogen generator at the stop; a first condition in which water condensation occurs, a second condition in which water condensation and carbon deposition are avoidable, a third condition in which carbon deposition occurs, a fourth condition in which disproportionation reaction occurs, and a fifth condition in which oxidization of catalyst occurs. According to the determination result, an appropriate setting is selected among first to fifth replacement settings pre-stored in the controller corresponding to the first to fifth conditions, and an internal gas replacement operation is performed according to the selected setting.

A fuel cell system includes: a reformer adapted to generate hydrogen from a fuel containing hydrogen through a chemical catalytic reaction using thermal energy; at least one electricity generator adapted to generate electric energy through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen; a fuel supply unit adapted to supply the fuel to the reformer; and an air supply unit adapted to supply oxygen to the reformer and the at least one electricity generator. The reformer includes a plurality of plates stacked with each other and forming at least one passage adapted to allow a fuel or a gas to flow therethrough and at least one catalyst layer coated on inner surfaces of the at least one passage. In the reformer, the at least one catalyst layer is formed to have a plurality of grooves extending substantially in a same direction as of the at least one passage.

A fuel reforming apparatus includes an oxidation reaction unit in which an oxidation catalyst is formed, a reforming reaction unit in which a reforming catalyst is formed, and an ignition unit for igniting a hydrocarbon-containing fuel and an oxidant and preheating the oxidation catalyst in an early driving stage. The oxidation reaction unit has a first section and a second section respectively formed opposite to each other with the oxidation catalyst interposed therebetween and forms a stream of the fuel and the oxidant flowing to the second section through the oxidation catalyst from the first section, the ignition unit being located in the second section.

A system for reducing pollutants in internal combustion engine emissions, particularly marine electric generator engines, includes a treatment chamber having an intake opening for receiving gaseous emissions from the engine, and an exhaust opening for exiting emissions. A perforated metal tube is disposed within the treatment chamber, and an electrode is disposed within the metal tube in spaced apart relation to the metal tube. The electrode is encircled by the metal tube so that, upon applying a voltage at a predetermined frequency to the electrode, an arc is generated across the space between the electrode and the metal tube to promote a chemical reaction reducing the concentration of pollutants. The treatment chamber is contained within a manifold, and cooled by a flow of water. A supplemental air source is connected to the treatment chamber, and a chemical substrate is disposed within the treatment chamber for promoting the chemical reaction.

The invention discloses safety protection equipment for preventing carbon monoxide poisoning. The equipment comprises a detection shell; a detection cavity is formed in the detection shell; an alarm mechanism is arranged in the detection cavity; the alarm mechanism can give an alarm when the concentration of carbon monoxide is too high; a rotating mechanism is arranged on the right side of the alarm mechanism; the rotating mechanism comprises a sensor fixed on the upper end surface of the detection cavity; a ventilation mechanism is arranged on the left side of the rotating mechanism; the ventilation mechanism can open the window and reduce the indoor carbon monoxide concentration when the carbon monoxide concentration is too high; when the indoor carbon monoxide concentration is too high, the protection equipment can rapidly open the window, accelerate indoor air circulation and reduce the carbon monoxide concentration, meanwhile, a sound alarm device can be started, and a user can be warned in time during sleeping.

The present invention relates to a vibration tamper, comprising a superstructure having a driving engine mounted on a machine frame and further having a guide bar, and further comprising a substructure having a compactor base driven by the driving engine and having a compactor plate and having a drive line, by means of which a drive connection between the driving engine and the compactor base is established such that the compactor base can move relatively to the superstructure along a compactor axis while executing at least one compacting amplitude. The driving engine of the vibration tamper is a liquid gas powered driving engine, wherein the superstructure and, more particularly, the guide bar on the superstructure, comprises a storage container for liquid gas, and wherein a gas supply line is provided to supply evaporated liquid gas to the driving engine.

The invention discloses a large rolling suction jet burn-off air system and a spray method comprises a furnace, and a top burn-off air spout. The large rolling suction jet burn-off air system and thespray method is characterized in that a front wall and a rear wall between the top burn-off air spout and a main burner are both at least provided with one layer of burn-off air nozzles, each layer ofburn-off air nozzles comprises a plurality of burn-off air nozzle, at least one layer of burn-off air nozzles of the front wall and / or rear wall is of a Y-shaped burn-off air nozzle, the burn-off air nozzle comprises a first air inlet pipe and two air outlet pipes which are connected with each other, and the two air outlet pipes are located at two sides of the horizontal direction of the axis ofthe air inlet pipe. According to the large rolling suction jet burn-off air system and the spray method, when oxynitride is reduced further, the concentration of the carbonmonoxide and unburned carbon in flue dust of the outlet of the furnace can be reduced, and combustion efficiency is enhanced.

The present invention relates to a hand-guided ground compacting machine, such as, in particular, a vibration tamper, a vibratory roller or a vibratory plate, comprising a driving engine mounted on a machine frame, a ground compaction device driven by the driving engine, and a guide bar. Features of the present invention reside in that the driving engine is a liquid gas powered driving engine and that the ground compacting machine comprises at least one storage container for liquid gas which is replaceably disposed in a storage container holding means on the hand-guided ground compacting machine.

A hydrogen generator of the present invention is provided with: a reformer for generating a reformed gas containing hydrogen from a feed material containing an organic compound at least containing carbon and hydrogen and water; a heater for heating the reformer to a temperature required for generating the reformed gas; a carbon monoxide reducing unit having a carbon monoxide reducing catalyst for reducing carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas generated in the reformer; and a temperature detector for detecting at least one of a temperature of the reformed gas in the carbon monoxide reducing unit and a temperature of the carbon monoxide reducing catalyst, wherein an amount of the feed material to be supplied to the reformer is controlled based on a comparison between a detected temperature detected by the temperature detector and a reference temperature set in accordance with the amount of the feed material.

The invention provides a fuel cell which comprises a cathode and an anode arranged to sandwich a proton-conductive ion exchange electrolytic membrane, oxygen and hydrogen containing carbon monoxide being supplied to the cathode and the anode, respectively, in which the cathode comprises an electroconductive porous substrate which carries thereon platinum or a platinum alloy and a proton-conductive ion exchange electrolytic polymer, and the anode comprises an electroconductive porous substrate which carries thereon platinum or a platinum alloy and a proton-conductive ion exchange electrolytic polymer, and further at least the anode carries a proton-supplying material thereon.

A carbon monoxide selective oxidizing catalyst includes a carrier of ferrierite or ZSM-5 that supports a metal component of platinum (Pt) alone or platinum and at least one type of transition metal. Alternatively, a carbon monoxide selective oxidizing catalyst includes a carrier whose maximum pore diameter ranges from 0.55 to 0.65 nanometers (nm) that supports a metal component of platinum (Pt) alone or platinum and at least one type of transition metal.

The present invention is a device which redirects motor exhaust fumes a distance away from a boat. This device can be applied to a boat's propulsion motor or to its generator for purposes of preventing carbon monoxide poisoning of a boat's passengers. The device includes an adaptor for attaching to a boat motor exhaust port and an elongate extension hose attached to the adaptor. The extension hose is made buoyant through use of a plurality of flotation collars disposed along the length of the hose. An extension rod is inserted into the collars to keep the hose rigid and the distal exhaust end of the hose directed away from a boat to which the device is attached.

The embodiments herein provide a filter for cigarette comprising graphene nano-composite based material enclosed in a casing. The filter is reusable and is plugged to any cigarette, or tobacco smoking products. The filter is a stand-alone product or manufactured integrally with each individual cigarette. The filter provides a safe smoking option to tobacco smokers without changing their smoking habits by reducing the tar content and other toxic chemicals in the inhaled smoke. The graphene based nanocomposite filter adsorbs the toxic agents from the smoke (of cigarette, beedi, hookah etc). The filter is fabricated by treating ceramic particles and coating them with carbon particles. The carbon particles are carbonized. The ceramic particles coated with carbon are segregated based on shape and size and treated chemically to convert carbon into graphene under inert conditions. The graphene coated particles are chemically functionalized for improved filtration.

A hand-guided ground compacting machine, such as, in particular, a vibration tamper, a vibratory roller or a vibratory plate, comprising a driving engine mounted on a machine frame, a ground compaction device driven by the driving engine, and a guide bar. Features of the present invention reside in that the driving engine is a liquid gas powered driving engine and that the ground compacting machine comprises at least one storage container for liquid gas which is replaceably disposed in a storage container holding means on the hand-guided ground compacting machine.

Disclosed in a catalyst which enables to reduce the carbon monoxide concentration in a product gas to 5 ppm by volume or less when carbon monoxide in a raw material gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide is selectively oxidized. The catalyst comprises a support of an inorganic oxide and ruthenium loaded thereon, and the relative loading depth X(Ru) of ruthenium in the radial direction in a redial cross-section of the catalyst satisfies the requirement defined by the following formula (1)X(Ru)≧15  (1).

A provision of assemblies and methods for treating an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine. The treatment method comprises at least two catalyst stages. The exhaust gas is directed to a first stage catalyst. After the first stage catalyst, the exhaust is passed to an inter-catalyst stage comprising an exhaust cooling process and an oxygen enrichment process. Next, the exhaust is passed to a second stage catalyst for reducing carbon monoxide, ammonia and hydrocarbon concentration in the exhaust gas, before exiting via an outlet.

A carbon monoxide removing catalyst such as a ruthenium supporting catalyst is provided for removing, through oxidation thereof, carbon monoxide from an alcohol reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide to be supplied to a fuel cell. For its activation, the catalyst is caused to contact an inactive gas or a hydrogen-containing inactive gas consisting of less than 50 volume % of hydrogen gas and the remaining volume of inactive gas, thereby to avoid poisoning of the electrode of the fuel cell with carbon monoxide.

A fuel reforming apparatus includes an oxidation reaction unit in which an oxidation catalyst is formed, a reforming reaction unit in which a reforming catalyst is formed, and an ignition unit for igniting a hydrocarbon-containing fuel and an oxidant and preheating the oxidation catalyst in an early driving stage. The oxidation reaction unit has a first section and a second section respectively formed opposite to each other with the oxidation catalyst interposed therebetween and forms a stream of the fuel and the oxidant flowing to the second section through the oxidation catalyst from the first section, the ignition unit being located in the second section.

A provision of assemblies and methods for treating an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine. The treatment method comprises at least two catalyst stages. The exhaust gas is directed to a first stage catalyst. After the first stage catalyst, the exhaust is passed to an inter-catalyst stage comprising an exhaust cooling process and an oxygen enrichment process. Next, the exhaust is passed to a second stage catalyst for reducing carbon monoxide, ammonia and hydrocarbon concentration in the exhaust gas, before exiting via an outlet.

A process for the production of high purity hydrogen from a naphtha catalytic reformer wherein the reformer is firstly operated at a predetermined catalyst circulation rate to produce hydrogen gas containing carbon monoxide and secondly the catalyst circulation rate is reduced to produce hydrogen gas having a lower concentration of carbon monoxide.

The invention discloses a device and a method for preventing carbon monoxide poisoning in a vehicle. The device comprises a power module, a controller, an infrared detector, a carbon monoxide sensor,an alarm device, a vehicle window lifting device and a wireless communication module, wherein corresponding equipment in a system for preventing carbon monoxide poisoning is selectively started through the controller according to a situation in the vehicle and irrelevant equipment is timely closed, so that the system energy consumption can be effectively reduced on the premise that the safety is ensured, the service life of the system is prolonged, and the problems of unreasonable system energy usage and shorter service cycle of some of equipment existing in an existing system are solved; andin addition, the measures for reasonably reducing the concentration of the carbon monoxide in the vehicle are selected.