8330results about How to "Improve thermal efficiency" patented technology

In a combined steam and gas turbine engine cycle, a combustion chamber is made durable against high pressure and enlarged in length to increase the operation pressure ratio, without exceeding the heat durability temperature of the system while increasing the fuel combustion gas mass flow four times as much as the conventional turbine system and simultaneously for greatly raising the thermal efficiency of the system and specific power of the combined steam and gas turbine engine.Water pipes and steam pipes are arranged inside the combustion chamber so that the combustion chamber can function as a heat exchanger and thereby convert most of the combustion thermal energy into super-critical steam energy for driving a steam turbine and subsequently raising the operation pressure ratio and the thermal efficiencies of the steam turbine cycle and gas turbine cycle. The combustion gas mass flow can be also increased by four times as much as the conventional turbine system (up to the theoretical air to fuel ratio) and the thermal efficiency and the specific power of the gas turbine cycle are considerably increased.Further, the thermal efficiency of the combined system is improved by installing a magnetic friction power transmission system to transmit the power of the system to outer loads.

A method of generating energy in a power plant (30) having a gas turbine (29), includes a first step a gas containing air (1) is compressed in a first compressor (2) of the gas turbine (29), a second step the compressed gas (3, 3a, 3b; 5; 7a, 7b) is fed to a combustion process with the addition of fuel (8) in a combustor (23), a third step the hot flue gas (9) from the combustor (23) is expanded in an expander or a turbine (10), driving a generator (18), of the gas turbine (29) while performing work, and a fourth step a partial flow of the expanded flue gas (11) is recirculated to the inlet of the first compressor (2) and admixed with the gas containing air (1). Carbon dioxide (CO2) is separated from the compressed gas (3, 3a, 3b; 5; 7a, 7b) in a CO2 separator (6) before the third step. In such a method, the overall size and energy costs are reduced by virtue of the fact that, to permit increased CO2 concentrations in the CO2 separator (6), not more than about 70% of the carbon dioxide contained in the compressed gas (3, 3a, 3b; 5, 5a, 5b; 7a, 7b) is removed from the compressed gas (3, 3a, 3b; 5, 5a, 5b; 7a, 7b).

A power cogeneration system employing a partially-open gaseous fluid cycle method and apparatus devices for oxy-fuel combustion conversion of a given hydrocarbon composition fuel's heat-value energy into mechanical or electrical power energy, and transferred useful heat energy, with accompanying large reductions of consumed fuel and undesirable exhaust emissions.

A non-volatile memory element includes a recording layer that includes a phase change material, a lower electrode provided in contact with the recording layer, an upper electrode provided in contact with a portion of the upper surface of the recording layer, a protective insulation film provided in contact with the other portion of the upper surface of the recording layer, and an interlayer insulation film provided on the protective insulation film. High thermal efficiency can thereby be obtained because the size of the area of contact between the recording layer and the upper electrode is reduced. Providing the protective insulation film between the interlayer insulation film and the upper surface of the recording layer makes it possible to reduce damage sustained by the recording layer during patterning of the recording layer or during formation of the through-hole for exposing a portion of the recording layer.

A thermal interface material (40) includes a macromolecular material (32), and a plurality of carbon nanotubes (22) embedded in the macromolecular material uniformly. The thermal interface material includes a first surface (42) and an opposite second surface (44). Each carbon nanotube is open at both ends thereof, and extends from the first surface to the second surface of the thermal interface material. A method for manufacturing the thermal interface material includes the steps of: (a) forming an array of carbon nanotubes on a substrate; (b) submerging the carbon nanotubes in a liquid macromolecular material; (c) solidifying the liquid macromolecular material; and (d) cutting the solidified liquid macromolecular material to obtain the thermal interface material with the carbon nanotubes secured therein.

A semiconductor package is disclosed that bonds a semiconductor chip to a leadframe using a flip chip technology. An exemplary semiconductor package includes a semiconductor chip having a plurality of input-output pads at an active surface thereof. A plurality of leads are superimposed by the bond pads and active surface of the semiconductor chip. The leads have at least one exposed surface at a bottom surface of the package body. A plurality of conductive connecting means electrically connect the input-output pads of the chip to the leads. A package body is formed over the semiconductor chip and the conductive connecting means. The bottom surface portions of the leads are exposed to the outside.

A package for a high-power light emitting diode (LED) has a packaging substrate, at least one LED chip, at least one pair of conductive wires and an encapsulant. The packaging substrate has a reflective base with a recess, a dissipating board and at least one pair of electrodes. The electrodes and dissipating board are mounted in the reflective base and have upper surfaces. The LED chip is adhered to the dissipating board. The conductive wires connects electrodes of the LED chip and the electrodes. The encapsulant is transparent and fills the recess of the reflective base. Most heat from the LED chip is conducted via the dissipating board, thereby improving thermal conduction efficiency and allowing more powerful or numerous LED chips in the package. Therefore, the package provides different pass ways for conducting heat and electricity to improve heat conduction of the LED.

An electric power generating system is provided that uses a wind turbine to generate waste-heat that is utilized in an organic Rankine Cycle drive that converts heat energy into rotation of a generator rotor for generating electricity. A hydrodynamic retarder may be provided that dissipates heat into a hot fluid by directing the flow of the fluid through the hydrodynamic retarder in a manner that resists rotation of blades of the wind turbine. The hot fluid circulating in the hydrodynamic retarder is a thermal heat source for vapor regeneration of organic heat exchange fluid mixture(s) used in the Rankine cycle, expansion of the organic heat exchange fluid being converted into rotation of the generator rotor.

A low-temperature catalytic process for converting biomass (preferably glycerol recovered from the fabrication of bio-diesel) to synthesis gas (i.e., H2 / CO gas mixture) in an endothermic gasification reaction is described. The synthesis gas is used in exothermic carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, such as Fischer-Tropsch, methanol, or dimethylether syntheses. The heat from the exothermic carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction is integrated with the endothermic gasification reaction, thus providing an energy-efficient route for producing fuels and chemicals from renewable biomass resources.

A method for improving thermal efficiency in one or more data centers includes measuring a temperature at one or more computing devices having allocated thereto one or more computing workloads and determining whether the measured temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature threshold. If the predetermined temperature threshold is exceeded, sufficient computing workloads are migrated to one or more alternate computing devices to reduce the temperature at one or more of the computing devices to less than or equal to said predetermined temperature threshold. In accomplishing the method, there is provided a data orchestrator configured at least for receiving data concerning the measured temperature, determining whether the measured temperature exceeds the predetermined temperature threshold, and migrating one or more of the computing workloads to one or more alternate computing devices. Computer systems and computer programs available as a download or on a computer-readable medium for installation according to the invention are provided.

A gasifying apparatus comprises a gasifier, a reformer and a heating device. The gasifier produces a thermal decomposed gas with use of a thermal decomposition reaction of a liquid or solid fuel such as waste or coal, and the heating device heats a low-temperature steam and air so as to be a high-temperature steam and air, which have a temperature equal to or higher than 700 deg. C. The gasifying apparatus has feeding means including fluid passages for feeding the high-temperature steam and air to the gasifier and the reformer. In a thermal decomposition area of the gasifier, the liquid or solid fuel is thermally decomposed to produce the thermal decomposed gas with sensible heat of the high-temperature steam and air and with the heat generated by an exothermic oxidation reaction between the high-temperature air and the liquid or solid fuel. In the reformer, the thermal decomposed gas is reformed in the existence of the high-temperature steam so as to be a high-temperature syngas. The steam reforming reaction of the liquid or solid fuel is carried out with an exothermic reaction between the high-temperature air and hydrocarbon contained in the thermal decomposed gas and with an endothermic reaction between the hydrocarbon and the high-temperature steam.

A thermoelectric device with an improved thermal efficiency has an object to be heated or cooled having a surface, at least one electrically conductive lower pad bonded directly to the surface of the object using a thermally conductive dielectric material, at least one thermoelectric element coupled on one end to the electrically conductive pad, at least one electrically conductive upper pad coupled to an opposite end of the thermoelectric element, and electrical power connections coupled to the device.

A portable thermal therapeutic apparatus, adapted to transfer heat between a creature and the atmosphere by circulating heat transfer fluid within a conduit held in contact with the creature. The apparatus includes a housing with a support structure that is particularly adapted for portable use. A heat pump is disposed within the housing, and operates to transfer heat between a first portion and a manifold. A heat sink is thermally coupled to the first portion, and transfers heat between the first portion and the atmosphere. A pump is disposed within the housing and circulates the fluid through the manifold and the conduit. A power supply is disposed within the housing and drives the pump, thereby causing the fluid to circulate within the manifold and the conduit. The power supply is also provides direct current to the heat pump, thereby causing heat to flow from the manifold to the first portion.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle is integrated into a combined cycle power plant to form a triple cycle power plant in which gas turbine generator inlet air is chilled and dehydrated to increase the mass flow of the inlet air, and in which duct firing in HRSG is increased in dependence of the increased mass flow. In further preferred integration aspects, the heat from the inlet chiller refrigerant is provided to the HRSG.

This invention discloses improvements that can be achieved in thermal or mechanical performance of aerogel composites via densification. Densified aerogels and aerogel composites can display higher compressive strength, modulus, flexural strength, and maintains or insubstantially increases the thermal conductivity relative to the pre-densified form. In the special case of fiber reinforced aerogel composites densification via mechanical compression can prove highly beneficial.

A closed multi-room fluidized bed sludge drying method is provided, which is a sludge drying method having the advantages of simple equipment structure, convenient operation, strong sludge adaptability, high thermal efficiency, safety, continuity, stability, etc. After the mechanically dewatered sludge is mixed with the back-mixed sludge, the mixture is dried room by room in an inert particles multi-room fluidized bed dryer (3). The first room and the second room of the inert particles multi-room fluidized bed dryer (3) adopt inert particles (f) as heat storage medium. Gas from a cyclone separator (5) goes through a spray tower (7) and returns into an air heating unit (4) through a circulating fan (10). Part of dried sludge (e) at the lower part of the cyclone separator (5) enters the inert particles multi-room fluidized bed dryer (3) through the back-mixing in a mixer (2). Waste liquid from the bottom of the spray tower (7) enters a waste liquid circulating pool (8), with part of waste liquid circulating into the spray tower (7) and part into a sewage treatment system.

An apparatus including a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a thermochemical recuperator in which a fuel is reformed. The thermochemical recuperator is heated by exhaust gases from the reciprocating internal combustion engine and steam for the reforming process is produced by passing feed water through an engine lubricating oil heat exchanger, an engine cooling system heat recovery system and an exhaust gas heat recovery system arranged in series.

The subject invention pertains to a method and apparatus for storing thermal energy. The subject thermal energy storage apparatus can function as a heat absorber in a cooling system. A cooling system can incorporate a cooling cycle that utilizes thermal energy storage and has two coolant loops. The primary cooling loop acquires the waste heat from a heat source, such as an electronic device, by heat transfer to the primary coolant via, for example, a sensible heat process (where sensible heat is heat absorbed or transmitted by a substance during a change in temperature which is not accompanied by a change of state) or by evaporating the primary coolant through a latent heat phase change process. The waste heat absorbed by the primary coolant is transferred to the host material of the heat absorber. The subject invention uses a high thermal conductivity host material to house a lower thermal conductivity phase change material, in order to achieve a thermal energy absorber that has a high effective thermal conductivity. In a specific embodiment, the high thermal conductivity host material has have voids within the structure that can be filled by the phase change material. The increased surface area of phase change material in thermal contact with the host material per volume of phase change material allows the thermal energy to be stored or released quickly, because of the enhanced effective thermal conductivity.

The gas engine with a gas fuel reforming device thermally decomposes CH4, a major component of natural gas, into a reformed fuel of CO and H2 to increase the heat produced and thereby reduce the CO2 content in the exhaust gas and prevent the formation of NOx. The gas engine mixes CH4 with CO2 and sends the gas mixture to the catalyst reactor installed in the exhaust passage where the gas mixture is thermally decomposed into a reformed fuel by using the thermal energy of the exhaust gas. CO2 is extracted from the exhaust gas by the CO2 supply device which in turn sends the CO2 to the catalyst reactor. The CO2 supply device comprises a CO2 dissolving device that accommodates a solution to dissolve CO2 of low-temperature exhaust gas and a CO2 delivery device installed in the exhaust passage through which high-temperature exhaust gas flows and adapted to release CO2 from the solution supplied from the CO2 dissolving device. The CO2 supply device can be formed of a CO2 separation membrane that separates CO2 from the exhaust gas.

Substrates and packages for LED-based light devices can significantly improve thermal performance and provide separate electrical and thermal paths through the substrate. One substrate includes multiple electrically insulating base layers. On a top one of these layers are disposed top-side electrical contacts, including light device pads to accommodate a plurality of light devices. External electrical contacts are disposed on an exterior surface of the substrate. Electrical paths connect the top-side electrical contacts to the external electrical contacts. At least portions of some of the electrical paths are disposed between the electrically insulating base layers. The electrical paths can be arranged such that different subsets of the light device pads are addressable independently of each other. A heat dissipation plate can be formed on the bottom surface of a bottom one of the base layers.

A chip device that includes a leadframe that has a die attach cavity. The memory device further includes a die that is placed within the die attach cavity. The die attach cavity is substantially the same thickness as the die. The die is positioned within the cavity and is attached therein with a standard die attachment procedure.

A thermally enhanced wirebond BGA package having a laminate substrate, an IC device mounted on the substrate, and a metal cap defining a cavity inside the package between the IC device and the metal cap. A substantial portion of the cavity is filled with a thermally enhanced epoxy encapsulant establishing a thermal conduction path between the IC device and the metal cap. The BGA package may be further enhanced by bonding a metal heat slug on the laminate substrate and mounting the IC device on the slug.

A cooking grate and a grill assembly having one or more of the cooking grates therein. The cooking grate can be a one-piece structure but is preferably a two-piece structure wherein the upper piece comprises longitudinally extending food support ribs having hollow interiors. The ribs will be positioned over and cover open areas in the lower structure so that combustion gases flowing through the open areas of the lower structure will flow into the hollow interiors of the food support ribs.

A method for storing heat from a solar collector CSTC in Concentrating Solar Power plants and delivering the heat to the power plant PP when needed. The method uses a compressed gas such as carbon dioxide or air as a heat transfer medium in the collectors CSTC and transferring the heat by depositing it on a bed of heat-resistant solids and later, recovering the heat by a second circuit of the same compressed gas. The storage system HSS is designed to allow the heat to be recovered at a high efficiency with practically no reduction in temperature. Unlike liquid heat transfer media, our storage method itself can operate at very high temperatures, up to 3000° F., a capability which can lead to greater efficiency. Due to material constraints and cost considerations in the rest of the system the maximum temperature is presently limited to between 1700° F. and 2000° F. The method can be applied to all current solar collector designs. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

A method for storing heat from a solar collector CSTC in Concentrating Solar Power plants and delivering the heat to the power plant PP when needed. The method uses a compressed gas such as carbon dioxide or air as a heat transfer medium in the collectors CSTC and transferring the heat by depositing it on a bed of heat-resistant solids and later, recovering the heat by a second circuit of the same compressed gas. The storage system HSS is designed to allow the heat to be recovered at a high efficiency with practically no reduction in temperature. Unlike liquid heat transfer media, our storage method itself can operate at very high temperatures, up to 3000° F., a capability which can lead to greater efficiency. Due to material constraints and cost considerations in the rest of the system the maximum temperature is presently limited to between 1700° F. and 2000° F. The method can be applied to all current solar collector designs. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

A method for storing heat from a solar collector CSTC in Concentrating Solar Power plants and delivering the heat to the power plant PP when needed. The method uses a compressed gas such as carbon dioxide or air as a heat transfer medium in the collectors CSTC and transferring the heat by depositing it on a bed of heat-resistant solids and later, recovering the heat by a second circuit of the same compressed gas. The storage system HSS is designed to allow the heat to be recovered at a high efficiency with practically no reduction in temperature. Unlike liquid heat transfer media, our storage method itself can operate at very high temperatures, up to 3000° F., a capability which can lead to greater efficiency.