The invention relates to a special extruder for manufacturing rubber, which comprises a base, a temperature control portion, a screw device, a driving motor, a speed reducer and a controller portion. The screw device comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and a screw, wherein the outer cylinder is fixed onto the base, the inner cylinder is arranged in the outer cylinder, and the screw is arranged in the inner cylinder. A spiral cold water injection cavity is arranged between the inner wall of the outer cylinder and the outer wall of the inner cylinder, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged on the outer cylinder and communicated with the cold water injection cavity, a cooling device comprises at least one water tank and coolers mounted on the water tanks, two ends of each water tank are connected with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe respectively, the water inlet pipe is communicated with the water outlet, and the water outlet pipe is communicated with the water inlet. The cooling device is added into the screw device of the special extruder for manufacturing the rubber, the temperature of the screw and the rubber can be effectively reduced during extrusion of the rubber, heat exchange rate is increased, and premature melting of the rubber is avoided.