31results about How to "Increase in heat transfer coefficient" patented technology

In an electrostatic chunck with grooves formed on the dielectric layer surface, the rate of foreign matter adhering to the semiconductor wafer is reduced and at the same time the semiconduticor wafer can be uniformly heated without causing leakage of lie or other gases supplied to the grooves of the said holding surface into the chamer. The electrostatic chuck is composed of a dielectric layer made from ceramics or sapphire which has electrostatic electrodes, holding surface positioned on a same plane and concave spaces positioned next to the holding surface, at least one of the said holding surface being circumference, and the outermost such holding surface having a width of 1-20 mu m and being a smooth surface having a center line average roughness (Ra) of 0.3 mu m or less.

A surface cooler comprises a plate-like layer and a plurality of spaced-apart fins extending substantially perpendicular from an uppermost layer of the plate-like layer. The plurality of fins defining a plurality of air flow paths. The plurality of spaced-apart fins are configured to augment heat transfer of the surface cooler by increasing the turbulence levels of a fluid flowing through the airflow paths by promoting increased mixing with a resulting increase in the heat transfer coefficient of the surface cooler. A method of forming the surface cooler and an engine including the surface cooler.

Syngas production process and reforming exchanger. The process involves passing a first portion of hydrocarbon feed mixed with steam and oxidant through an autothermal catalytic steam reforming zone to form a first reformed gas of reduced hydrocarbon content, passing a second portion of the hydrocarbon feed mixed with steam through an endothermic catalytic steam reforming zone to form a second reformed gas of reduced hydrocarbon content, and mixing the first and second reformed gases and passing the resulting gas mixture through a heat exchange zone for cooling the gas mixture and thereby supplying heat to the endothermic catalytic steam reforming zone. The endothermic catalytic steam reforming zone and the heat exchange zone are respectively disposed tube side and shell side within a shell-and-tube reforming exchanger. The reforming exchanger comprises a plurality of tubes packed with low pressure drop catalyst-bearing monolithic structures wherein an inside diameter of the tubes is less than 4 times a maximum edge dimension of the catalyst structures.

A heat exchanger tube for conveying a heat transfer fluid, into which one or more turbulence-inducing elements of prescribed configuration(s) are fixedly positioned on a supporting member extending in spaced relation along the central axis of the tube, for the purpose of inducing turbulence in the heat transfer fluids and to minimize or prevent fouling inner surface of the tube to thereby enhance or maintain the heat transfer coefficient over the operational life of the tube.

A flow channel with a branch channel perpendicular to a main channel including an edge defining an inlet opening of the branch channel is provided. A chamfer is disposed at the upstream edge of the inlet opening and a straight edge is disposed at the downstream edge of the inlet opening, perpendicular to the main channel.

An airfoil having cooling passages inside is provided, wherein each radial cross section of the airfoil has a shape of specific profile, wherein hot gas flows along the airfoil's surface from a leading edge to trailing edge, the airfoil's surface comprises a pressure-side and suction-side defined by the trailing edge and leading edge, wherein the trailing edge has cooling fluid discharge exits, the pressure-side and suction-side are respectively defined by a wall comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, which inner surface has ribs extending in a rib-direction inclined to the radial direction, wherein along a portion of at least 10% of the profile's lengths the inclined ribs contact each other at respective cross-contact-points, forming a 2-dimensional matrix. At least one additional blocking-rib extends from the pressure-side to the suction-side and extends from one cross-contact-point to another to cause additional turbulence of said cooling fluid flow to be discharged.

A cooling system for a turbine airfoil of a turbine engine having suction and pressure side serpentine cooling channels formed between an internal support core and an outer wall of the turbine airfoil. The suction and pressure side serpentine cooling channels may be formed from legs extending in a general chordwise direction between leading and trailing edges of the airfoil. The suction and pressure side serpentine cooling channels may receive cooling fluids from a cooling fluid supply source through a cooling fluid inlet, pass the cooling fluids through the cooling system and exhaust the cooling fluids through a cooling fluid exhaust orifice proximate to the tip section. The cooling system is particularly suitable for use with low cooling fluid flow.

A combustion duct assembly has a transition duct and a combustion liner having a hula seal at a downstream end that is forced within an inner wall of the transition duct. The combustion liner is held within the transition duct by the hula seal, but allowed to move relative to the transition duct. The combustion liner is formed with heat transfer columns adjacent the downstream end, and radially inwardly of the hula seal.

A cooler includes a plate, a cooling case having a coolant flowing therein, and a plurality of wavy fins having a raised curved portion and a lowered curved portion formed alternately on a side face in a flow direction of the coolant. In this cooler, the coolant flows through between the raised curved portion and the lowered curved portion opposite to each other in a meandering manner. The raised curved portion is provided with a bank creating a flow of coolant from the raised curved portion toward the opposite lowered curved portion. With this bank, a part of a main stream of the coolant can be mixed with the coolant stagnating near the lowered curved portion, whereby the heat transfer coefficient of the wavy fins can be improved. Thus, stagnation of the coolant near the lowered curved portion can be prevented, so that the cooler can have enhanced cooling performance.

A fin-tube heat exchanger has a plurality of fins (3) arranged parallel to and spaced from each other at a predetermined gap, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes (2) penetrating the fins (3). In each of the fins (3), a first cut-and-raised portion (5a), a second cut-and-raised portion (5b), and a third cut-and-raised portion (5c) are formed in that order by cutting and raising a portion of the each of the fins so as to turn it over from an upstream side to a downstream side. The horizontal cross-sectional shape of each of the first cut-and-raised portion (5a), the second cut-and-raised portion (5b), and the third cut-and-raised portion (5c) is formed in a semicircular shape and curved so as to taper toward the upstream side.

Improvements in tubes, which increase the heat exchange capacity of tubular heat exchangers using the tubes, are described. These improvements involve the use of one or more external surface enhancements, optionally combined with an internal enhancement and / or differing tube geometries. These improvements apply, for example, to internal condensers, including those in which the tube bundles are oriented vertically, in vapor-liquid contacting apparatuses such as distillation columns.

A structured packing for a reactor is formed from a metal sheet to promote heat and mass transfer near the wall of the reactor. The structured packing causes lateral flow of fluids flowing through the packing such that jet impingement of at least one reactor wall is promoted. The packing may be used in a cylindrical, annular or plate-type reactor, e.g., a catalytic reactor, or a heat exchanger.

The invention provides operating the dry or solvent fractionation of oils and fats in a crystallizer comprising a crystallization vessel (1,2), an agitator, cooling means and a drive, wherein said drive provides said agitator with an oscillating motion, and / or a rotating motion around an axis, with the proviso that each point of said agitator moves at substantially the same linear speed.The invention also provides a crystallizer comprising a crystallization vessel (1,2) having a polygonal cross-section, an agitator and a drive, wherein said drive provides said agitator with an oscillating motion, and wherein said agitator is not inclined to the moving direction.

A continuous transfer type freezer for cooling or freezing articles such as foodstuffs transferred on a conveyor belt by spraying chilled air from slit nozzles on the articles is provided in which chilled air jets rectified to have long spray travel is produced, thin stream layer of chilled air is formed on the surface of the article to achieve increased heat transfer, and exhaust passages of the chilled air are formed such that they do not affect the cooling function. A plurality of slit nozzles 5a, 6a are apposed above and under the conveyor belt along the belt transfer direction, each of the nozzles 5a, 6a is shaped such that it has an angled and succeeding parallel entrance way so that the chilled air is rectified in the entrance ways and spout from the nozzle opening at large velocity, and exhaust passages 12 are formed between each of the slit nozzles such that the chilled air spouted from the nozzles flows toward both lateral end sides of the conveyor belt 2.

A heat transfer fluid comprising a carrier fluid and a nano-additive is provided. The heat transfer fluid is manufactured by dispersing the nano-additive in the carrier fluid. The nano-additive comprises nano-particles having a porous structure that provides dispersion stability of the nano-additive in the heat transfer fluid. The nano-additive structure has an aspect ratio of about 1.0 to about 10,000, a porosity of about 40% to about 85%, a density of about 0.4 g / cc to about 3.0 g / cc, an average pore diameter of about 0.1 nanometer to about 100 nanometers, and a specific surface area of about 1 m2 / g to about 4000 m2 / g. The nano-additive increases the heat transfer efficiency of the heat transfer fluid and also reduces the moisture content of the heat transfer fluid.

The invention relates to a heat-exchanger tube structured on both sides with excellent heat transfer characteristics utilizing both outer and also inner fins and secondary grooves intersecting the inner fins. Two spaced-apart rolling tools are provided in the utilized device in order to form the outer fins of two adjacent rolling tools; the inner structure is formed by two differently profiled mandrels. The first mandrel forms in a first forming area the inner fins. The second mandrel forms in a second forming area the inventive secondary grooves into the earlier created inner fins.

A reactor unit includes reactors; and a cooler. The reactors are disposed in at least one line on a reactor cooling surface that is one of outer surfaces of the cooler. The cooler has a cooling medium flow passage that is in contact with an inner surface on a reverse side of the reactor cooling surface. The cooling medium flows linearly from an inlet portion to an outlet portion of the cooling medium flow passage. A direction in which the cooling medium flows inside the cooling medium flow passage is same as a direction in which the reactors are disposed in the at least one line. Cooling fins are provided on the inner surface on the reverse side of the reactor cooling surface. A longitudinal direction of each cooling fin is same as the direction in which the cooling medium flows inside the cooling medium flow passage.

A gas turbine engine rotor blade has an airfoil portion containing one or more internal conduits. Each conduit extends to an end of the airfoil portion. The blade has a shroud at the end of the airfoil portion for sealing the blade to a facing stationary engine portion. There is a fillet portion which joins the end to the shroud. The fillet portion eases the transition from the outer surface of the airfoil portion to the outer surface of the shroud and has a cavity which extends from each conduit and expands laterally relative thereto. The area of the cavity on a cross-section through the fillet portion perpendicular to the radial direction of the engine and at an expanding part of the cavity is greater than the area of the conduit, or the combined areas of the conduits, on a parallel cross-section at the end of the airfoil portion.

A continuous transfer type freezer for cooling or freezing articles such as foodstuffs transferred on a conveyor belt by spraying chilled air from slit nozzles on the articles is provided in which chilled air jets rectified to have long spray travel is produced, thin stream layer of chilled air is formed on the surface of the article to achieve increased heat transfer, and exhaust passages of the chilled air are formed such that they do not affect the cooling function. A plurality of slit nozzles 5a, 6a are apposed above and under the conveyor belt along the belt transfer direction, each of the nozzles 5a, 6a is shaped such that it has an angled and succeeding parallel entrance way so that the chilled air is rectified in the entrance ways and spout from the nozzle opening at large velocity, and exhaust passages 12 are formed between each of the slit nozzles such that the chilled air spouted from the nozzles flows toward both lateral end sides of the conveyor belt 2.

A fluid energy transfer system comprising at least one coil containing a fluid pumped in a first flow direction. The fluid comes from a source and returns to the same source. The coil is enclosed within a tank. The tank contains a tank fluid. The tank fluid is pumped into the tank in a closed system from at least one heat pump. The tank fluid is circulated from the heat pump into the tank through at least one jet located along a wall of the tank. The tank fluid moves in a direction starting from a first end of the tank and exiting at a second end of the tank in an flow direction opposite that of the coil fluid. The circulation of the tank fluid creates a vortex that creates an increase in the heat transfer coefficient by forced convection in immersion of the tank fluid over the coil.

An apparatus for carrying out endothermic reactions including a plurality of catalytic vessels, immersed in a combustion chamber having a contiguous overlaid convection chamber enclosing a top portion of the catalytic vessels wherein heat is recovered at a lower temperature level from the flue gases from the combustion chamber. The catalytic vessels may contain internal and coaxial heat recovery tubes creating an annular space filled in with a catalytic device. Both the external heat recovery through the catalyst tube outer surface and the internal heat recovery through the inner tube surface can be maximized by an enhanced catalytic device acting also as a heat transfer promoter in the process gas region. The apparatus provides enhanced and flexible heat recovery that permits to meet the request of minimum or none export steam production in one single apparatus, avoiding the need of a pre-reforming section and / or of a convective reformer downstream.

A gas-agitated multiphase reactor system with multiple reaction zones comprising gas-liquid or gas-liquid-solid mixtures that can maximize the production rate while allowing better control of the temperature distribution and better control of the liquid and solid phases in the reactors. Still more particularly, this invention relates to a method for operating a pair of linked gas-agitated slurry reaction zones such that the hydrodynamic behavior and reactor performance of such reactor system are improved compared to that of a conventional slurry bed reactor

An apparatus for improving heat transfer through a leading portion of an aircraft engine. The apparatus includes an annular channel that is defined by the leading portion. A source for gas that is fluidly connected to the channel and a narrow region that is defined within the annular channel.

A die for moulding a core by a PIM process, the core having at least one internal feature, the die including; a first die part defining a first portion of an outer surface of the core; a second die part defining a second portion of the outer surface of the core; and an internal feature forming element for defining the surface of an internal feature of the core; wherein the internal feature forming element incorporates a temperature control circuit.