The invention discloses a multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator adopting a relay linear compressor. The multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator comprises a compressor, a regenerator hot end heat exchanger, a high-temperature section regenerator, high-temperature section regenerator cold end heat exchangers, a first-stage pulse tube, a first-stage pulse tube hot end heat exchanger and first-stage phase-modulating parts, which are sequentially connected, the multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator also comprises a low-temperature section regenerator, low-temperature section regenerator cold end heat exchangers, a second-stage pulse tube, a second-stage pulse tube hot end heat exchanger and second-stage phase-modulating parts, which are sequentially connected, the cold end of the high-temperature section regenerator is also connected with the hot end of the low-temperature section regenerator through a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with the relay linear compressor which is used for compressing the air passing through the pipeline. The pressure ratio of the cold end of the high-temperature section regenerator of the multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator adopting the relay linear compressor is further increased, consequently, a high pressure ratio is obtained at the cold end of the multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator, and the efficiency of the multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator is ultimately increased; and meanwhile, the multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator has the advantages of compact structure, long service life, high reliability and the like.