The invention provides pressure core-filling continuous casting equipment and a process for a double-metal-bag long carbon fiber composite material. The continuous casting equipment is composed of an inner-layer metal plug rod, a carbon fiber guide pipe, an inner-layer metal thermodetector, an inner-layer metal pressurizing cover, an outer-layer metal thermodetector, a core filling pipe, an outer-layer metal pipe thermodetector, a composite interface pressurizing device, a heat-insulating and water-stopping plate, a secondary cooling device, a drawing roller, a finishing roller, an inner-layer metal liquid pressurizing pipe, an inner-layer metal temperature control furnace, an outer-layer metal liquid pressurizing pipe, an outer-layer metal pressurizing cover, an outer-layer metal liquid temperature control furnace, an outer-layer metal liquid temperature control crystallizer, a composite interface pressurizing device, a heating element and a temperature control element. Inner-layer metal is smelted and insulated in the inner-layer metal temperature control furnace and is filled into a condensed outer-layer metal pipe inner hole and one bundle of long carbon fibers through the core filling pipe, so as to be fused and condensed with the inner-layer metal and the carbon fibers to form a composite material. The speed of core-filling and continuous casting is controlled by the drawing roller and an outer-layer metal pipe casting blank is pressurized to be ejected out from the outer-layer metal liquid temperature control crystallizer.