The invention discloses a track derusting and ice crushing device for railway construction. The track derusting and ice crushing device comprises a diesel generator, a derusting and anti-freezing boxbody, a water pump, a first motor, a first driving pulley, an ice melting device, a fixing seat, a second motor, a second driving pulley, a guide plate, a second belt, an ice crushing knife assembly,a second driven pulley, a transmission shaft, an ice scraping device, a first belt, a derusting device, a sprinkler head and a first driven pulley. The track derusting and ice crushing device is reasonable and simple in structure; the diesel generator is arranged so that electric energy can be provided for the track derusting and ice crushing device and trouble and inconvenience caused by the external wire drawing can be avoided; the second motor is arranged so that the second belt can drive the ice crushing knife assembly to rotate clockwise, and rotation of the ice crushing knife assembly enables an internal ice crushing knife, a concave ice crushing knife and an external ice crushing knife to conduct ice crushing and removing on the inner and outer sides and the top face of a track; andmeanwhile, the guide plate is used in cooperation so that most removed ice can fly out of the track along the guide plate, and loads for follow-up treatment can be reduced.