119results about How to "Cascading convenience" patented technology

The invention particularly relates to a high-power converter based on parallel IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) modules, belonging to the technical field of power electronic. Metal-film capacitors of the high-power converter adopt the high-power converter structure of a heteropolarity manner; and the polarities of the capacitors are staggered with each other. The high-power converter is featured with symmetrical circuit structure, good module current equalizing effect and low loop stray inductance so that the high-power converter is convenient for cascading chain joint modules so as to realize large power application. According to the invention, the problems that the capacity of the single IGBT module cannot meet the requirements of the high-power converter, and the current equalization of the parallel IGBT modules are solved.

The invention discloses a failure message integrated device based on FPGA and ARM hardware platform, which comprises a PT / CT board, an ARM board, a network switch board, a serial port board, a GPS board and a high speed acquisition board composed of an A / D sampling chip and an FPGA; the FPGA has a DDR2 controller, an DMA controller, an FIFO memory and an FIR low-pass filter; and the FPGA is also provided with a starting algorithm module and a fault recorder module. The device organically combines the functions of the fault recorder, a travelling wave distance measuring device and a failure message management sub-station by using parallel processing capability of the high speed AD chip and the FPGA, for realizing accurate localization of fault points when a power transmission line in an electric power system has a fault, and obtaining a complete fault report, thereby complying with intelligentization and miniaturization needs of secondary device of power grid.

The invention discloses an optical fiber time frequency hybrid transmission method. The method comprises the following steps that: a master station normally transmits a 10MHz frequency signal to a slave station, a narrow negative pulse is interpolated into a previous periodic signal high level within a whole second, and the frequency signal is calibrated in the whole second; the slave station restores the frequency signal by employing combinational logic and restores a timing signal through a trigger after identifying special calibration; the slave station simultaneously returns the received time frequency hybrid transmission signal to the master station in an original sample mode, wherein the hybrid transmission signal is used for the loopback time delay measurement of the master station; the master station restores the timing signal from the returned signal according to the method of the slave station, dynamically measures the time delay of the restored timing signal and a local timing signal, and combines with the fixed time delay of the equipment to calculate the phase precompensation of a frequency scale signal in one second; and the master station realizes uniform phase compensation in the next second by utilizing the calculated phase compensation, so that the restored frequency and timing signal of the slave station are synchronous with those of the master station. The optical fiber time frequency hybrid transmission method has the advantages of time service precision, low cost, convenient cascade connection and plug and play function.

The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication electronics, in particular to an ultra-wideband multi-mode automatic identification dual-link radio-frequency receiver front-end chip. The receiver front-end chip comprises a working main link and a monitoring and identifying link; the chip can automatically search and identify a working frequency band of a valid signal and lock the frequency band; and then a main link controller configures a reconfigurable module of the working main link to form a radio-frequency receiver front end, receive a signal in the locked frequency band and identify the accuracy of the received signal by a digital baseband key, thereby reinforcing the confidentiality and the interference resistance of communication. The invention can be designed into IP core and digital baseband processing for carrying out single-chip integration and off-chip cascade as well. The chip is applied to the real-time communication field with higher requirements on safety or interference resistance and can be also applied to the common multi-mode communication field.

The invention is a composite locating system for wireless distance measuring on the omnidirectional image, which belongs to the technical field of image locating and wireless communication locating. The system is composed of fixed node and move node. The fixed node comprises an omnidirectional imaging device, a wireless transceiver and a fixed bolster, while the move node comprises a mobile robot, a wireless transceiver and a cooperative light source. The omnidirectional imaging device on the fixed node can gain the real-time 360-degree scene around, and establish the system of polar coordinates by taking the center of the omnidirectional image as the top. The location of the mobile robot in the omnidirectional image is marked by polar coordinates Rho and Theta. The polar diameter Rho is measured by the wireless distance measuring system through the wireless transceiver on the move node and the wireless transceiver on the fixed node, while the polar angle is measured by the omnidirectional image. The invention is used for complete and independent locating and guiding of the mobile robot, and used for the collaboration and relative positioning sum of a plurality of mobile robots in the scene, which can fulfill the tasks like scene real-time monitoring, as well as scene digitization and visualization, etc.

The invention provides a single-phase two-tube five-level rectifier based on a hybrid H bridge. The rectifier comprises a switching tube Q1 and a switching tube Q2, one side of an alternating currentpower supply Vs is connected with the anode of a diode D1 and the cathode of a diode D2, and the connection node forms an end point b; the connection nodes of the other end of an inductor L and diodesD3, D4, D5 and D6 form end points a; the connection nodes of the drain electrode of the switching tube Q1 and the diodes D1, D3 and D7 form end points c; the connection nodes of the source electrodeof the switching tube Q1 and the diodes D2, D4 and D8 form end points d; the anode of the diode D8 is connected with the negative electrode of a capacitor C2 to form an end point m; the anode of the diode D11, the cathode of the diode D12 and the positive electrode of the capacitor C2 are connected with the negative electrode of a capacitor C1 to form an end point n; the cathode of the diode D7 isconnected with the positive electrode of the capacitor C1 to form an end point p. The end point a, the end point c, the end point d and the end point n form four ports of the hybrid H bridge. The rectifier has the advantages of being high in output direct-current voltage, small in harmonic content, low in switching tube stress, easy to control and the like.

The invention relates to a plane unequal-power-division waveguide H-T power division network which comprises a plurality of equal-arm-length equal-power-division waveguide H-T power dividers and a plurality of equal-arm-length unequal-power-division waveguide H-T power dividers. Each equal-arm-length unequal-power-division waveguide H-T power divider comprises a waveguide input arm, a first waveguide output arm, a second waveguide output arm, a power distribution diaphragm, an impedance phase position adjusting block and an impedance tuning diaphragm, wherein the introduction of the impedance phase position adjusting blocks enables the equal-arm-length unequal-power-division waveguide H-T power dividers to be equal in arm length and enables the equal-arm-length unequal-power-division waveguide H-T power dividers to still meet requirements when the power division is large. The designed plane unequal-power-division waveguide H-T power division network is located in the same layer, the longitudinal dimension is small, therefore, the structure is simple, and the manufacturing cost is low. The lateral dimension is compact, and therefore the plane unequal-power-division waveguide H-T power division network is suitable for occasions with the limited space.

The invention discloses a high-speed data acquiring and digital signal processing board based on an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), which is characterized by being integrally provided with an analog signal input and A / D (Analog-to-Digital) conversion module, a digital signal processing module and a communication module, wherein the analog signal input and A / D conversion module comprises a signal conditioning circuit and an A / D conversion module; the digital signal processing module comprises an FPGA module, a storage DDR2 and a data storage FLASH; the digital signal processing module is used for processing original sampling data through the steps of fault starting judgment, fault data shift out and wavelet transform processing; an embedded network is realized by the FPGA module; the communication module is connected with the FPGA module; and a networked physics layer chip is cooperated with an FPGA embedded network to realize the purposes of exchanging, collecting and calculating results with other plates or a background computer. According to the high-speed data acquiring and digital signal processing board, high-frequency transient state traveling wave can be synchronously collected and quickly processed.

The invention discloses a modularized frequency-dividing unit and a programmable frequency divider. The modularized frequency-dividing unit comprises three cascade D triggers with setting / resetting terminals, a multi-way switch and a logic gate receiving frequency dividing ratio and controlling input, and the logic gate outputting mode status signals. The frequency divider is provided with: an input terminal of a signal waiting for frequency division, which is used for receiving frequency division periodical signals; a frequency division output terminal used for outputting the signal after the frequency division; N frequency dividing ratio control terminals used for selecting the frequency dividing ratio of the frequency divider. The frequency-dividing unit of the invention has the advantage of modularization, and is convenient for being cascaded into the frequency divider. When the frequency dividing ratio scope of the frequency divider is needed to be expanded, only the frequency-dividing unit with needed number is required to be cascaded behind the original frequency divider, and other control circuits are not required to be re-designed.

The invention provides an intelligent home network control system in an intelligent home system. The intelligent home network control system comprises a gateway, a switch and an intelligent terminal which are connected with one another through an Ethernet wire and are used for transmitting Ethernet signals through first, second, third and sixth wires of an Ethernet twisted pair and / or performing communication through an RS485 bus formed by fourth, fifth, seventh and eighth wires of the Ethernet twisted pair. The intelligent home network control system transmits Ethernet data frames for transmitting media data and 485 / IO (input-output) data packets for transmitting signals / control data in Ethernet data wires without being interfered with one other, realizes the data transmission in different categories of networks and the reasonable application of bandwidth, and realizes the mutual communication of equipment in the different networks.

The invention discloses a hybrid pre-distortion linearizer with wide application range. The hybrid pre-distortion linearizer comprises a power divider and a synthesizer, wherein output ports of the power divider are in one-to-one connection with input ports of the synthesizer through a series transmission type analog pre-distortion circuit or a parallel transmission type analog pre-distortion circuit. The linearizer synthesizes multiple nonlinear signals with different characteristics to obtain the required spectrum and phase pre-distortion signals, overcomes the shortcomings that independent series and parallel transmission type analog pre-distortion circuits can only produce pre-distortion signals suitable for solid-state power amplifiers and most reflection-type pre-distortion circuits can only produce pre-distortion signals suitable for millimeter wave traveling-wave tube power amplifiers, can realize the nonlinear pre-distortion linearization for the millimeter wave traveling-wave tube power amplifiers and the solid-state power amplifiers, has wide application range, and is suitable for being popularized in the technical field of millimeter wave linearization.

A single-phase five-level power factor correction circuit based on a hybrid H bridge comprises switching tubes Q1, Q2 and Q3. One side of an alternating-current power supply Vs is connected with an anode of a diode D1 and a cathode of a diode D2, and a connection node forms an end point b. The other side of the alternating-current power supply Vs is connected with one end of an inductor L, the other end of the inductor L is connected with the anode of a diode D3 and the cathode of a diode D4, and connection nodes form an end point a. The drain electrode of the switching tube Q3 is connected with the cathode of the diode D1, the cathode of the diode D3, the anode of the diode D7, the drain electrode of the switching tube Q1 and a connection node to form an end point c. The source electrodeof the switching tube Q3 is connected with the anode of a diode D2, the anode of a diode D4, the cathode of a diode D8 and the source electrode of a switching tube Q2, and the connection node forms anend point d. The source of the switching tube Q2 is connected with the drain of the switching tube Q1, and the connection node forms an end point n. The cathode of the diode D7 is connected with oneend of the capacitor C1, and a connection node forms an end point p. The negative electrode of the capacitor C2 is connected with the anode of the diode D8 and the connection node forms an end point m. And the endpoint a, the endpoint c, the endpoint d and the endpoint n form four ports of the hybrid H-bridge network structure. The circuit structure has the advantages of low cost, high reliability, simple control system design and the like.

The present invention discloses a kind of valve which can be used in the medium-pressure or high-pressure environment in which the fluid can be bidirectionally flowed, and can use smaller switching moment to provide enough seal specific pressure and is simple in structure. Said valve is characterized by that in the sealing cavity of said valve a lower seal surface and an upper seal surface are coaxially superimposed, and a seal unit formed from at least one semi-moving plate and one moving plate is arranged opposite to said lower seal surface and upper seal surface, and on the lower seal surface and upper seal surface and on the semi-moving plate and moving plate the axial through holes are cut and arranged along the circumferential direction respectively. The spacing structure of the semi-moving plate and moving plate can make these through holes be communicated with flow channel, and when the semi-moving plate and moving plate are relatively turned, the relative sliding of superimposed contact surfaces can make the semi-moving plate and moving plate produce relative axial movement.

The invention relates to a vehicle-mounted type ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification integrated controller, in particular to a controller which is mounted on a vehicle, mainly focuses on the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) technique and integrates the global position system (GPS) technique with the general packet radio service (GPRS) technique so as to realize remote control on target vehicles. The vehicle-mounted type ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification integrated controller comprises a power module (1), a clock module (2), an indicator light (3), a radio frequency module (4), a core control module (5), a sensing module (6), a networking module (7) and an orientation module (8). By means of identification of a passive radio frequency tag of a fixed place, an existing exact location of the vehicle can be read. Then, the GPS assists in locating, the location of the vehicle, speed of the vehicle and operating status of a vehicle-mounted device and the like can be acquired in real time and can be transmitted to a cloud database through a GPRS wireless network, so that remote control and management of the vehicle are available for administrative staffs. The vehicle-mounted type ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification integrated controller can be used for a unit vehicle management system, a function patrol system and a quick city positioning system and the like.

The invention provides a voltage dynamic balance management system of a power lithium battery pack, which relates to a charging and discharging balancing circuit of a series power battery pack. The voltage dynamic balance management system comprises a microprocessor, Hall sensor modules, channel selecting modules, a switch driving circuit module and a DC / DC (Direct Current / Direct Current) transformer, wherein the microprocessor is used for gating a single battery in the battery pack by a first channel selecting module; an input end of the DC / DC transformer is connected with two ends of the battery pack; an output end of the DC / DC transformer is connected with two ends of the single battery by the switch driving circuit module and the switch driving circuit module; an input end of a first Hall sensor module is connected with a charging current input end and a discharging current output end of a charging and discharging switch; an output end of the first Hall sensor module is connected with the microprocessor; an input end of a second Hall sensor module is connected with a balancing charging current output end of the switch driving circuit module; an output end of the second Hall sensor module is connected with an input port of the microprocessor; an input end of the switch driving circuit module is connected with an output end of a second channel selecting module; and an output end of the circuit driving circuit module is connected with two ends of the single battery of the battery pack.

The invention discloses a reflectionless bridge filter. The reflectionless bridge filter comprises four independent single-port circuit subnetworks, an input port, and an output port, wherein each single-port circuit subnetwork is provided with two endpoints, the four single-port circuit subnetworks are sequentially connected through the respective endpoints to form a ring, one endpoint of the input port is connected to a common endpoint of a first single-port circuit subnetwork and a second single-port circuit subnetwork, the other endpoint is connected to a common endpoint of a third single-port circuit subnetwork and a fourth single-port circuit subnetwork, one endpoint of the output port is connected with a common endpoint of the second single-port circuit subnetwork and the third single-port circuit subnetwork, and the other endpoint of the output port is connected to a common endpoint of the first single-port circuit subnetwork and the fourth single-port circuit subnetwork, so that a reflectionless bridge filter circuit is formed. The reflectionless bridge filter provided by the invention has the advantages that various kinds of filter responses can be flexibly achieved, andreflectionless high-performance filter responses can be achieved; the structure is applicable for filter designs with various frequency bands; and a simple structure, excellent performance and the like are achieved.

The invention discloses a millimeter wave radar chip capable of being cascaded. The millimeter wave radar chip includes a substrate, millimeter wave transmitting and receiving ports RF1 to RF4, four phase shifter units A, B, C and D, eight millimeter wave switch units S0-S7, power divider cascade adaptive interface units E and F, a millimeter wave voltage-controlled oscillator and frequency multiplication unit V, a millimeter wave mixer unit M, a mixed analog intermediate frequency signal interface unit I, a serial peripheral interface unit SPI, a millimeter wave voltage-controlled oscillatorunit Vt for receiving an external control signal to regulate and control the interior, and a radar chip power supply interface unit PWR. According to the invention, the cascading of the multiple radarchips is simple, and the cascading can be completed only through the adaptation of the cascading adapter interface of the power divider; the circuit is simple in structure, only transmitting waveforms generated by a phase-locked loop need to be transmitted to a main mode chip in a cascade system, intermediate frequency output by the main mode chip is transmitted to a post-stage ADC to be sampled,intermediate frequency output by a slave mode chip does not need to be transmitted to the post-stage ADC to be processed, and therefore post-stage processing is simple.

The invention discloses a test platform circuit of an intelligent electric tool. The test platform circuit of the intelligent electric tool comprises a single-chip microcomputer minimal system circuit, a resetting circuit, a download circuit, a switch power supply circuit, a current detection circuit, an output circuit, a system power supply circuit, a dial switch circuit, a storage circuit, a communication circuit, a 485 communication circuit, an electromagnet control circuit, an indicating lamp and button circuit, a buzzer circuit, a filter circuit and a capacitor filtering circuit. Multiple test platforms can be simultaneously controlled. Independent control can be also performed on a single test platform according to real demands. The efficiency is improved. Furthermore, customized operations are achieved.

The invention discloses a continuously adjustable superconductive filter system using an upper computer to control multiple working modes and belongs to the field of microwave communication technical equipment. The continuously adjustable superconductive filter system comprises an adjustable superconductive filter, a frequency control circuit, a low-temperature vacuum dewar flask, a refrigerating machine, a temperature control circuit of the refrigerating machine, and the upper computer. The frequency control circuit is formed by a programmable single chip microcomputer and a DA module. The adjustable superconductive filter is arranged in the low-temperature vacuum dewar flask. The refrigerating machine is connected with the low-temperature vacuum dewar flask. The adjustable superconductive filter is connected with the frequency control circuit. The upper computer is communicated with the frequency control circuit through a serial port. The adjustable superconductive filter is a continuously adjustable high-temperature superconductive filter. The continuously adjustable superconductive filter system has the advantages of being modularized, capable of being easily in cascade connection with other devices, stable in working state and the like, continuous and real-time adjustability of center frequency is achieved, the working modes can be expanded and changed according to user demands, and the diversity and flexibility of the working modes of the system are enhanced.

The invention discloses an all-optical logic gate device based on nanowire waveguides of a multislot silicon substrate, which is characterized by comprising two input waveguides, two output waveguides, first mode converters (51), a nonlinear directional coupler (6) and second mode converters (52). The input waveguides include a first input waveguide (1) and a second input waveguide (2) and are used for inputting signal optical pulses and controlling the optical pulses, the output waveguides include a first output waveguide (3) and a second output waveguide (4), the first input waveguide (1) and the second input waveguide (2) are respectively connected with the nonlinear directional coupler (6) by the first mode converters (51), and the nonlinear directional coupler (6) is respectively connected with the first output waveguide (3) and the second output waveguide (4) by the second mode converters (52). The all-optical logic gate device has the advantages of easiness in implementation, fast working speed, low power consumption, compact structure, cheap price and the like.

The invention discloses an ultra-large bandwidth silicon-based waveguide MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) optical switch. The optical switch is mainly composed of an input waveguide, a crossedwaveguide with a nano-chute, and an output waveguide; the crossed waveguide consists of two identical orthogonal elliptic cylinders, and four ports of the crossed waveguide respectively extend out ofa single-mode strip-shaped waveguide as an input / output waveguide; the center of a crossed waveguide main body is fully etched with the nano-chute; two symmetric waveguides are etched with a nano-groove; and the crossed waveguide and a lower cladding nearby the nano-groove are through and hollowed out, and the width of the nano-chute is regulated by regulating the voltage applied to the two ends of the crossed waveguide, so that straight-through or total reflection of a light path is realized. According to the ultra-large bandwidth silicon-based waveguide MEMS optical switch provided by the invention, the propagation path of the optical switch is switched by adjusting the voltage applied to the crossed waveguide, the structure is simple, integration and cascade are convenient, and an arraywaveguide optical switch which is miniaturized, low in cost and high in regulation and control speed is expected to be realized.

The invention discloses an adiabatic logic circuit, which is characterized by comprising a logic assignment circuit, an energy recovery circuit and a first N-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistor, wherein the energy recovery circuit consists of a first P-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistor and a second PMOS transistor. The adiabatic logic circuit has the advantages that a logic signal is only input into single module of the logic assignment circuit, a normal phase output signal is output from the grid of the first PMOS transistor, and an inverse output signal is output from an energy transmission end of the logic assignment circuit; the circuit structure adopts signal transmission manners of one-way input and two-way output, so that circuit design is simplified, the quantity of transistors is reduced, and cascade connection between the circuit and other unit circuits is easier; furthermore, as the energy transmission end of the logic assignment circuit is connected with the grid of the first NMOS transistor and the first NMOS transistor has the function of clamping, an output node is prevented from floating to some extent, the output performance of the circuit is improved, and the power consumption of the whole circuit is effectively reduced finally.

The invention discloses a micro transceiver assembly. The micro transceiver assembly comprises an AGC (automatic gain control) receiving module and an ALC (adaptive logic circuit) emitting module, wherein the AGC receiving module comprises a first balance amplifier, a first micro belt filter, a first electrically controlled attenuator, a second balance amplifier, a first coupler and a first direct-current processing circuit; the ALG emitting module comprises a second electrically controlled attenuator, a third balance amplifier, a second micro belt filter, a fourth balance amplifier, a second coupler and a second direct-current processing circuit; the first balance amplifier, the second balance amplifier, the third balance amplifier, the fourth balance amplifier, the first micro belt filter, the second micro belt filter, the first electrically controlled attenuator, the second electrically controlled attenuator, the first coupler and the second coupler are manufactured on a ceramic base plate through a superfine micro belt film process. The micro transceiver assembly is integrated on a circuit in the form of a distribution parameter, so that peripheral assemblies are reduced, the integration degree of the whole transceiver assembly is relatively high and the size of the transceiver is greatly reduced.

The invention discloses a waveguide power splitter. The waveguide power splitter includes a waveguide, a dielectric substrate etched with a planar circuit, two isolation resistors, a glass insulator and a metal plate for fixing. Through properly designing the size of the circuit, the circuit can perform the function of power division. The test result shows that when the waveguide power splitter isin the range of 34.6-39 GHz, echo loss is greater than 15 dB, overall circuit insertion loss is less than 4 dB, and the isolation degree is greater than 20 dB. The waveguide power splitter can be applied to a microwave millimeter wave communication system, and properties of compact structure, high isolation, output port planarization and easy integration with other planar circuits are achieved.

The invention relates to an access control system, and concretely relates to an access control system based on ZigBee. The access control system comprises a gate inhibition controller, a ZigBee module (a terminal node), a ZigBee module (a router), a ZigBee module (a coordinator) and a monitor terminal. The gate inhibition controller is connected with the ZigBee module (the terminal node) through a serial port, the ZigBee module (the coordinator) is connected with the monitor terminal through the serial port, and the ZigBee module (the router) is connected with the ZigBee module (the terminal node) and the ZigBee module (the coordinator) through ZigBee wireless transmission network. The access control system based on ZigBee has the beneficial effect that the system can perform remote management and operation on the gate inhibition controller by two networks of the ZigBee wireless transmission network or GSM network; each gate inhibition controller can be independently operated, and can be operated through networking of the ZigBee wireless transmission network.

The invention discloses a method for improving the safety and energy-efficient performance of a civilian electrical appliance, and an energy-efficient civilian DC power supply system. The power supply system comprises a DC power supply device, a constant voltage / current circuit, a DC load, an automatic load detection circuit and a control module, wherein the output end of the DC power supply system is connected with the input end of the constant voltage / current circuit; the output end of the constant voltage / current circuit is connected with the DC load; the automatic load detection circuit carries out real-time sampling on the voltage and / or current of the DC load and inputs sampling signals to the control module; the control module judges the load change of the DC load according to the input sampling signals and outputs PWM pulse signals to the constant voltage / current circuit according to the judgment results; and the constant voltage / current circuit adjusts the output power into an output power meeting the DC load requirement according to the received PWM pulse signals. The method and the system have the advantages of energy saving, safety, wire rod saving and low cost.

The invention discloses a processor structure which comprises an algorithm data control unit, a data channel and an operational unit, wherein the operational unit is used for executing operation on input data; and the algorithm data control unit executes a configuration instruction to configure the input or output data path of the data channel and / or the operation function of the operational unit.The invention is favorable to the expansion of the function and quantity of the operational unit, and is favorable to the cascade connection of a plurality of processors. Simultaneously, the invention has good algorithmic security.

The invention belongs to the photonic device technology field and especially relates to an all-optical exclusive-OR-XNOR logic gate based on a single micro-ring resonator. The logic gate comprises a signal generator, a continuous wave laser, a modulator, a clock pulse CLK, a single micro-ring resonator and optical oscilloscopes. The signal generator and the continuous wave laser are connected to the modulator. The modulator is connected with a first single micro-ring resonator. The first single micro-ring resonator is connected with a first clock pulse CLK. The optical oscilloscopes comprise afirst optical oscilloscope and a second optical oscilloscope, a second clock pulse CLK is connected with a second single micro-ring resonator, the first single micro-ring resonator and the second single micro-ring resonator are connected to the first optical oscilloscope, and the second single micro-ring resonator is connected with the second optical oscilloscope. The logic gate has advantages ofa simple structure, low cost, low power consumption, short switching time between a high level and a low level, and easiness in cascade connection to photon integration. The logic gate is used for realizing the exclusive-OR-XNOR logic gate.

Disclosed is a low pass filter. According to the filter, parameters, such as the cut-off frequency, the direct-current gain and the Q factor, of the filter can be quite flexibly selected. Due to the fact that a proper resistance value is selected for a single integrated circuit by the low pass filter, compared with configurations of low pass filters of other standards, the low pass filter has the quite low capacitance, the quite low capacitivity and an active circuit.