The invention relates to a two-row planetary gear electromechanical power coupling device of a hybrid power vehicle, comprising a clutch, a first brake, a second brake, an advancing coupling device and a backing coupling device. One end of the clutch is connected with an engine output shaft; the other end of the clutch is connected with the input end of the advancing coupling device by the second brake; the input end of the backing coupling device is respectively connected with the advancing coupling device and a backing motor; both ends of the first brake are respectively connected with an advancing motor and the advancing coupling device; and the output ends of the advancing coupling device and the backing coupling device are connected with a power output shaft and output power to vehicle wheels. The invention has compact structure, great transmission ratio, strong bearing capability, stable transmission and high transmission rate, can simultaneously realize power division and infinite variable speeds and can flexibly realize a plurality of complicated working modes of the hybrid power vehicle by controlling mode-switching elements.