1226 results about "High input" patented technology

Methods and systems for transforming electric power between two or more portals. Any or all portals can be DC, single phase AC, or multi-phase AC. Conversion is accomplished by a plurality of bi-directional conducting and blocking semiconductor switches which alternately connect an inductor and parallel capacitor between said portals, such that energy is transferred into the inductor from one or more input portals and / or phases, then the energy is transferred out of the inductor to one or more output portals and / or phases, with said parallel capacitor facilitating “soft” turn-off, and with any excess inductor energy being returned back to the input. Soft turn-on and reverse recovery is also facilitated. Said bi-directional switches allow for two power transfers per inductor / capacitor cycle, thereby maximizing inductor / capacitor utilization as well as providing for optimum converter operation with high input / output voltage ratios. Control means coordinate the switches to accomplish the desired power transfers.

A power factor corrected (pfc) ac-dc converter has a modified boost input and a modified buck output. Unlike the prior art boost input, the boost switch returns to the output, not to ground. Unlike the prior art buck output stage, a third switch connects to the input. This allows much of the input current to pass through the converter to the output. There is no input current measurement, but nearly ideal power factor correction is achieved through “natural modulation.” A preferred pfc ac-dc converter uses a variable dc-dc transformer on its output, as a post regulator, to provide dielectric isolation and to provide voltage level shifting. The output of the pfc ac-dc converter has the control characteristics of a buck converter, so it is a natural mate for the variable dc-dc transformer. An ac-dc buck converter is most efficient at its maximum duty cycle. It cannot regulate for a lower input voltage, but it can reduce its duty-cycle to control for higher input voltages. A variable dc-dc transformer is most efficient at its maximum ratio. It cannot regulate for a higher input voltage, but it can reduce its effective turns ratio to control for a lower input voltage. With a small overlap in their control ranges, both parts of the power system can operate at maximum efficiency. The variable dc-dc transformer controls the output voltage for nominal and low input voltage. The ac-dc buck converter limits over-voltage transients.

A transmitter for an optical transmission system transmits an optical sub carrier multiplexed signal comprising number of sub-carriers, onto an optical transmission path, and provides spectral shaping by different magnitudes of the sub-carriers, or different modulation formats for different sub carriers. This spectral shaping can reduce performance degradation by Kerr effect optical non linearities. This can mean higher input powers may be launched. The magnitudes can provide a signal spectrum which is lower near a centre of a band of sub carriers than near an edge of the band. Such spectral shaping can be provided in the receiver either to undo the pre emphasis in the transmitter, or to reduce non linearities from components at the receiving side.

There is disclosed a method of controlling an input to an envelope modulated power supply of an envelope tracking amplification stage, comprising: generating an envelope signal representing the envelope of a signal to be amplified; applying a shaping function to the envelope signal to generate a shaped envelope signal, including: clipping the shaped envelope signal at high input envelope values; and providing the shaped envelope signal as an input signal to the envelope modulated power supply.

In accordance with an embodiment, a method includes determining an amplitude of an input signal provided by a capacitive signal source, compressing the input signal in an analog domain to form a compressed analog signal based on the determined amplitude, converting the compressed analog signal to a compressed digital signal, and decompressing the digital signal in a digital domain to form a decompressed digital signal. In an embodiment, compressing the analog signal includes adjusting a first gain of an amplifier coupled to the capacitive signal source, and decompressing the digital signal comprises adjusting a second gain of a digital processing block.

A single stage, single switch, input-output isolated converter configuration which uses a hybrid combination of forward and flyback converters is disclosed. The converter operates at a high input power factor with a regulated DC output voltage. It makes use of a novel control scheme utilizing duty cycle control at two discrete operating frequencies. Although the invention employs two frequencies, it does not use a continuous frequency variation. This configuration has the advantage of reduced peak current stresses on the components and is specifically suited for ‘buck’ applications where low DC output voltages (e.g. 24V, 48V) are needed. This configuration will be of specific interest to industries associated with battery charging and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems. Apart from having several competitive features compared with prior art techniques, the dual frequency operation scheme reduces the amplitude of its noise spectrum by spreading it over a wider frequency range thus making it more electromagnetic compatible.

A transponder 20 for an electronic identification system transponder is characterized in that it presents a high input impedance (>400 OMEGA ) at an input thereof which is directly connected to an antenna 22 with a matched high input impedance. The transponder is aimed at improving the voltage recovered on capacitor C2 from an interrogation signal and thus the operational range of the system. The modulator 30 of the transponder is arranged to backscatter modulate the interrogation signal at a modulation depth of less than 80%, preferably in the order of 30%. This also results in an improvement of the operational range of the system.

A preamplifier having extremely high input impedance amplifies the electrical signal output from an electret condenser microphone (ECM) without suffering from the effects of a DC leakage current at the input. The preamplifier circuit includes a pair of cross-coupled PN junction diodes setting the input impedance, a PMOS device, and a load resistor configured similarly to a conventional preamplifier. A capacitor is placed between the input and the cross-coupled diodes such that a DC path no longer exists to bias the cross-coupled diodes. Therefore, leakage currents are prevented from upsetting the DC operating point of the preamplifier and biasing the cross-coupled diodes. Consequently, small signal gain distortion, excessive demodulation products and increased noise can be avoided.

A charge pump generates gate control voltage in a DC / DC converter. The input voltage to the charge pump may vary. To reduce noise at higher input voltages, a variable resistance is included in the charge pump and that resistance is controlled to vary with the input voltage.

Methods and systems for transforming electric power between two or more portals. Any or all portals can be DC, single phase AC, or multi-phase AC. Conversion is accomplished by a plurality of bi-directional conducting and blocking semiconductor switches which alternately connect an inductor and parallel capacitor between said portals, such that energy is transferred into the inductor from one or more input portals and / or phases, then the energy is transferred out of the inductor to one or more output portals and / or phases, with said parallel capacitor facilitating “soft” turn-off, and with any excess inductor energy being returned back to the input. Soft turn-on and reverse recovery is also facilitated. Said bi-directional switches allow for two power transfers per inductor / capacitor cycle, thereby maximizing inductor / capacitor utilization as well as providing for optimum converter operation with high input / output voltage ratios. Control means coordinate the switches to accomplish the desired power transfers.

A living body measuring sensor (1) is made to contact a body surface of a measuring subject through capacitance coupling using a cloth (6) between a metal electrode (2) and the body surface as the capacitance, a living body electric signal is extracted from the metal electrode (2), and an elctrocardiographic waveform is outputted based on an output of the living body measuring sensor (1) using an impedance converter having a high input impedance and a low output impedance.

The invention relates to a high power factor DCM Boost PFC converter comprising a main power circuit and a control circuit. The main power circuit comprises an input voltage source vin, an EMI filter, a diode rectification circuit RB, a Boost inductor Lb, a switch tube Qb, a diode Db, an output capacitor Co and a load RLd. The high power factor DCM Boost PFC converter is characterized in that the control circuit adopts an output signal which adopts duty ratio as changing rule to drive the switch tube Qb. Adopting the varying duty ratio control, the high power factor DCM Boost PFC converter can improve the PF value to about 1 in the AC input voltage range of 90-265 V, increase the inductance capacity, obviously decrease the inductive current ripple, obviously reduce the effective value of the inductive current and correspondingly reduce the effective value of the current of the switch tube, has high input power factor and small output voltage ripple and contains less input current harmonic waves. The conduction loss of the high power factor DCM Boost PFC converter is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.

The invention provides an electric potential sensor including, at least one detection electrode arranged for capacitive coupling with a sample under test and for generating a measurement signal, and a sensor amplifier adapted to receive the measurement signal as input and to supply an amplified detection signal as output. An input impedance enhancing element provides a high input impedance to the sensor amplifier for increasing the sensitivity of the electrode to reduced electric potentials, and a feedback element applies a coherent feedback signal to the input of the sensor amplifier for enhancing the signal to noise ratio of the sensor.

The invention discloses a DC / DC converter. The DC / DC converter includes a square wave generator, which is used to output a series of voltage in form of square wave. The said square wave generator includes a serial capacitor which is connected to serial inductor and parallel inductor. Primary side of transformer is cascaded to a serial inductor in the DC / DC converter, then connected to an inductorin parallel. Secondary side of transformer is connected to a rectification circuit so as to provide a rectified DC voltage for output load circuit. The first characteristic resonance frequency of theserial capacitor and the serial inductor are expressed as fs. The second characteristic resonance frequency of the serial capacitor and the serial inductor as well as parallel inductor are expressed as fn where fs>fn. Switching of variable frequency in the converter carries out the output adjustment. Based on frequency switching between first and second characteristic resonance frequency, the converter realizes high conversion efficiency when working under high input voltage.

The invention discloses a switch converter with constant connection time control, and a control circuit and method thereof. A compensation control signal is generated according to the input voltage or a control signal, and a compensation signal is adjusted according to the compensation control signal so that the compensation signal can be adjusted to a proper value within a wide input range. Compared with the prior art, jittering and subharmonic oscillation under low input can be avoided, and dynamic response and load adjusting rate under high input are improved.

A control circuit and method are provided for a flyback converter converting an input voltage to an output voltage, to compensate for an entry point of a burst mode of the flyback converter, so that the entry point is not affected by the input voltage, and audible noise resulted from a higher input voltage is reduced without impacting the light load efficiency of the flyback converter.

Systems, methods, and apparatus for use in biasing and driving high voltage semiconductor devices using only low voltage transistors are described. The apparatus and method are adapted to control multiple high voltage semiconductor devices to enable high voltage power control, such as power amplifiers, power management and conversion and other applications wherein a first voltage is large compared to the maximum voltage handling of the low voltage control transistors. Timing of control signals can be adjusted via internal and / or external components so as to minimize shoot trough currents in the high voltage devices. A DC / DC power conversion implementation from high input voltage to low output voltage using a novel level shifter which uses only low voltage transistors is also provided. Also presented is a level shifter in which floating nodes and high voltage capacitive coupling and control enable the high voltage control with low voltage transistors.

The present invention proposes a new structure for a high input VRM. This structure is similar to a simple buck converter and can simplify the 48V input VRM design. In this present invention, the interleaved voltage regulator is provided. The interleaved voltage regulator includes an integrated magnetic device for performing both transformer and output choke filter function, a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, and a fourth switch, wherein the integrated magnetic device includes a transformer having a first primary winding, a second primary winding, a first secondary winding, and a second secondary winding, a first choke filter having one end coupled to a first terminal of the first secondary winding, and a second choke filter having one end coupled to a first terminal of the second secondary winding, and the other end of the second choke filter coupled to the other end of the first choke filter to form the output terminal of the isolated voltage regulator. The first switch, the second switch, the first choke filter, and the first secondary winding form a synchronous rectifier circuit. The third switch, the fourth switch, the second choke filter, and the second secondary winding form another synchronous rectifier circuit.

A subject for the invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery which can be improved in high-output / high-input characteristics based on a reduction in the thickness of an active material layer, has a long life, and is highly safe. The invention relates to: a negative-electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, which is in a carbonaceous powder form and in which when a dispersion prepared by dispersing 100 g of the active-material powder in 200 g of water together with 2 g of carboxymethyl cellulose is examined by the grind gauge method for determining the degree of dispersion in accordance with JIS K5400, the particle diameter at which particles begin to appear is 50 μm or smaller; a negative electrode for lithium secondary battery which comprises a current collector having provided thereon an active material layer comprising an active material and an organic material having binding and thickening effects, wherein the active material layer has a thickness of 50 μm or smaller and an arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) as measured in accordance with JIS B0601 of 5 μm or smaller; and a lithium secondary battery employing the negative electrode.

Implementations of the present disclosure generally relate to methods and apparatus for generating and controlling plasma, for example RF filters, used with plasma chambers. In one implementation, a plasma processing apparatus is provided. The plasma processing apparatus comprises a chamber body, a powered gas distribution manifold enclosing a processing volume and a radio frequency (RF) filter. A pedestal having a substrate-supporting surface is disposed in the processing volume. A heating assembly comprising one or more heating elements is disposed within the pedestal for controlling a temperature profile of the substrate-supporting surface. A tuning assembly comprising a tuning electrode is disposed within the pedestal between the one or more heating elements and the substrate-supporting surface. The RF filter comprises an air core inductor, wherein at least one of the heating elements, the tuning electrode, and the gas distribution manifold is electrically coupled to the RF filter.

A line voltage LED Lamp produces variable illumination in response to industry standard lighting dimmers, through the use of an input voltage monitoring circuit which variably controls the current output of an integral driver in response to sensed changes in the input voltage. A cascaded converter circuit is used to achieve a very high step-down ratio, enabling the LEDs to be driven from a high input voltage without the need for a power transformer. Electrolytic capacitors are avoided, increasing the life of the driver circuit in the high ambient temperatures typically encountered in the base of similar lamps. The circuit employed drives high power LEDs, and the lamp is adapted to fit common MR16 size fixtures. Illumination output equivalent to similar size halogen bulbs is achieved.

The present invention provides a versatile system for providing a current-mode switching controller—in low voltage commercial semiconductor technologies—that is compatible with applications having very high input voltage ranges. The system provides an output transistor and a sense element coupled to the output transistor. A waveform representative of current charging across the sense element is recognized. First and second charging elements are provided, and the second charging element is adapted to charge at a rate twice as fast as the first charging element. First and second switching elements, coupled to the first and second charging elements, respectively, are adapted to activate the first and second charging elements responsive to a rising edge of the waveform. An output charge element is provided, and a sample and hold construct is adapted to transfer a charge value—to the output charge element—that corresponds to an average of the charge values of the first and second charging elements upon a falling edge of the waveform.

The invention relates to a high-performance EEG signal detection circuit provided with a brain-machine interface. The detection circuit comprises a pre-amplifier circuit and a post-amplifier circuit, wherein the pre-amplifier circuit consists of a first-level amplifier circuit and a second-level amplifier circuit which are connected by a high-pass filter circuit; and the pre-amplifier circuit is connected with the post-amplifier circuit by a 50Hz trap circuit and a low-pass filter circuit. The detection circuit has the characteristics of high input impedance, high common mode rejection ratio, high gain, low noise and low drift, and has the advantages of simple structure, strong capacity of resisting disturbance and good reliability. The invention can be used as a high-performance EEG signal detection circuit, and lay a foundation for realizing the brain-machine interface.

The invention provides a method for correcting error-prone words in voice interaction. The method comprises the steps of context recognition, automatic error correction based on semantic restriction, and artificial error correction based on semantic feedback. Through voice interaction with users and perception and recognition of the context of a topic, automatic error correction of an entity with a specific meaning can be achieved by using the named entity recognition technology within the limited semantic range, additional semantics can be obtained through artificial feedback so as to conduct error correction, and higher input efficiency and more convenient wrong word correction than existing voice recognition software are realized.

Testing a display involves display of a series of test patterns, each at a different luminance or colour, and with a predetermined minimum difference of luminance or colour from their background, each pattern being unpredictable to a user, and determining if the user has correctly identified the patterns. This can enable a more objective test without needing external measuring equipment. Calibrating the display involves determining an output luminance level by detecting a minimal difference of drive signal to give a just noticeable output luminance difference at a given high luminance drive level, and determining an absolute luminance of the given high input luminance level from the minimal difference and from a predetermined human characteristic of visibility threshold of luminance changes. This can avoid the need for an external or internal sensor. This can be useful during conformance checks or during calibration of the display for example.

A negative electrode material for a high input / output currant-type non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, comprising a carbon material having an average (002) interlayer spacing d002 of 0.355-0.400 nm determined by X-ray diffractometry and a true density of 1.50-1.60 g / cm3, and exhibiting a capacity (A) of at least 50 mAh / g in a battery voltage range of 0.3-1.0 V and a ratio ((A) / (B)) of at least 0.3 between the capacity (A) and a capacity (B) in a battery voltage range of 0-1.0 V when measured as discharge capacities with a counter electrode of lithium. The negative electrode material is non-graphitizable and has properties suitable for a negative electrode material for high input / output current non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries as used in HEV, etc.

Systems, methods, and apparatus for use in biasing and driving high voltage semiconductor devices using only low voltage transistors are described. The apparatus and method are adapted to control multiple high voltage semiconductor devices to enable high voltage power control, such as power amplifiers, power management and conversion and other applications wherein a first voltage is large compared to the maximum voltage handling of the low voltage control transistors. A DC / DC power conversion implementation from high input voltage to low output voltage using a novel level shifter which uses only low voltage transistors is also provided. Also presented is a level shifter in which floating nodes and high voltage capacitive coupling and control enable the high voltage control with low voltage transistors.

The invention discloses a system for providing over-current protection for a switching power converter. The system comprises a front-edge blanking circuit, a linear compensation circuit and an over-current protection comparer, wherein the front-edge blanking circuit is configured to generate a front-edge blanking effect on a detection signal of a current which flows through an external switching tube of the switching power converter; the linear compensation circuit is configured for performing linear compensation on a threshold voltage of the over-current protection comparer; and the over-current protection comparer is configured for generating an over-current protection comparison signal. By a linear compensation over-current protection circuit, the time delay of a system internal over-current protection output signal is taken into consideration, so the permanent damage of a switching tube of a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) caused by large-current conduction which may be generated at a high input voltage is avoided; and a maximum output power is stabilized, so the maximum power planarization of a power system can be realized in a full-voltage input range.