The invention provides an oxide semiconductor thin film and a thin film transistor. The composition of the oxide semiconductor thin film is M[2x]In[2-2x]O[3-delta], wherein M is a III B family element, x is larger than or equal to 0.001 and small than or equal to 0.3, and delta is larger than or equal to 0 and small than 3. The III B family element is one or more arbitrary elements in a group consisting of Sc, Y, Ac, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu. The thickness of the thin film is 5nm to 200nm. The carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor thin film is less than 5*10<19>cm<-3>. The oxide semiconductor thin film is used as a channel layer material of the thin film transistor. The thin film transistor is provided with a gate, a channel layer, an insulated layer between the gate and the channel layer, a source electrode and a drain electrode, and the source electrode and the drain electrode are respectively connected to two ends of the channel layer. The channel layer is provided with the above oxide semiconductor thin film. The oxide semiconductor thin film and the oxide semiconductor thin film have the advantages of good performance, simple preparation and wide adaptation range.