The invention discloses a super-oleophilicity hydrophobic material and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method for the hydrophobic material comprises the following steps: I, dissolving and activating microcrystalline cellulose by carbon-dioxide-based reversible ion liquid; II, preparing silane hydrolysate; III, adding cellulose solution to the hydrolysate, modifying the cellulose under the catalysis of ion liquid; IV, filtering, washing and drying the product, repeatedly using the solvent; and V, grinding solid and dispersing in ethanol solution. The dispersion liquid is sprayed to filter paper for oil-water filtering separation, the separation efficiency is more than 95%, and the organic pollutant in the water can be adsorbed. The normal sponge is soaked in the dispersion liquid for adsorbing the oil in the water. The surface contact angel of the filter paper prepared by the method is 165 degrees, and the rolling angle is smaller than 3 degrees. The whole raw material is green and environmental, and the preparation process is simple and efficient.