The invention discloses a combined chemotherapeutic agent for transplantation pretreatment of thalassemia stem cells in children, which comprises the following components: 5 mg / m<2>*5 days of cladrobin, 1.8 g / m<2>*2 days of cyclophosphamide, 4-4.8 mg / kg*3 days of busulfan and 2.5 mg / kg*2 days of anti-human thymus globulin. The combined chemotherapeutic agent is based on the cladrobin, and the cladrobin is combined with the cyclophosphamide, the busulfan and anti-human thymus globulin to perform pre-treatment large-dose chemotherapy before transplantation of Mediterranean stem cells of children, so that the compliance and tolerance of the chemotherapy are improved, the immunosuppression strength is increased, the transplantation success rate of transplantation of stem cells of a patient isimproved, the transplantation-related complications are reduced, the transplantation curative effect is improved, the survival time of the patient is prolonged, and the combined chemotherapeutic agenthas good social benefit and economic benefit and wide clinical application prospect. The efficient and safe pretreatment scheme can be used for transplantation of thalassemia stem cells in children,and the transplantation survival rate is improved.