A peptide of formula I (SEQ ID NO: 1): Lip-A-Gly-His-B-R (I) wherein: Lip is a lipoyl residue of R or S configuration; A is absent or is a
lysine residue of configuration L or D; GIy is a
glycine residue; His is a
histidine residue of configuration L or D; B is a
lysine residue of configuration L or D, or a
lysine residue of configuration L or D in which the NH2 group of the
side chain comprises a modification, wherein said modification is (i) a replacement with a
hydrogen or (ii) a modification with a
protecting group selected from the group consisting of acetyl, benzoyl,
tosyl,
sulfonyl benzene, benzyloxycarbonyle and palmitoyl; wherein R is O(Z) or N(Z′)(Z′), and wherein Z, Z′ and Z′ are independently of each other a
hydrogen or a
protecting group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, phenyl, hexyl, decyl and hexadecyl, or a racemate, an
enantiomer or a
diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof, or a salt thereof.
A peptide of formula II (SEQ ID NO: 2): Lip-A-His-B-C-Trp-R (II) wherein: Lip is a lipoyl residue of configuration R or S; His is a
histidine residue of configuration L; Trp is a tryptophane residue of configuration L; A is absent, is an
amino acid residue of configuration L or D selected from the group consisting of a
lysine residue, an
alanine residue, a
glutamic acid residue and a
glycine residue, or is a spacer of formula: NH—(CH2)n-CO— wherein n is an integer comprised between 2 and 14; B is an aromatic
amino acid residue of configuration D selected from the group consisting of a
phenylalanine residue, a homophenylalanine residue, a tryptophane residue, a β-(1-Naphthyl)-
alanine residue, a β-(2-Naphthyl)-
alanine residue and a phenylglycine residue; C is a basic
amino acid residue of configuration L selected from the group consisting of an
arginine residue, a
lysine residue, an
ornithine residue and a homoarginine residue; wherein R is O(Z) or N(Z′)(Z′),