The invention discloses an eleocharis dulcis efficient planting fertilizer and an eleocharis dulcis planting method. The planting fertilizer is prepared from, by weight, 15-25 parts of bran, 15-25 parts of ground phosphate rock, 15-25 parts of chicken-duck manure, 15-25 parts of cow dung, 15-25 parts of pig manure, 15-25 parts of plant ash, 6-10 parts of wheat bran, 8-15 parts of biogas residue, 7-12 parts of straw ash, 6-10 parts of bagasse, 6-12 parts of potato starch, 7-15 parts of glucose, 3-7 parts of nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and 3-5 parts of vermiculite powder. The eleocharis dulcis efficient planting fertilizer contains the nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer and contains rich organic fertilizer, provides nutrition to rhizome of eleocharis dulcis and promotes growth of eleocharis dulcis, so that eleocharis dulcis is excellent in quality; the rich organic fertilizer enables fertility of soil to be enduring, and especially, various manure, the plant ash, the wheat bran, the biogas residue, the straw ash and the bagasse can provide a good environment for eleocharis dulcis planting for a long time.