The invention relates to a preparation method of 2,6-dimethyl-6-alkyloxy(or hydroxyl)heptaldehyde, comprising the following steps: Step 1, placing 2,6-dimethyl-2-alkyloxy(or hydroxyl)-7-octene, a solvent and water in a reactor, blowing a O3 / O2 mixture into the reactor, layering products after the reaction, and blowing a protective gas into an oil phase for protection; Step 2, adding a bisulfite or pyrosulfite solution into the oil phase obtained from the Step 1, heating, neutralizing products obtained after the reaction by the use of an alkaline solution, separating to obtain oil and water phases, washing the oil phase to neutral, and separating to obtain oil and water phases. The oil phase obtained is a crude product 2,6-dimethyl-6-alkyloxy(or hydroxyl)heptaldehyde. The preparation method provided by the invention has advantages of simple process, high conversion rate of raw materials, high product yield, low follow-up separation difficulty, good industrial reliability, is environmentally friendly, and is suitable for industrial production.