The invention discloses a super-resolution
confocal ophthalmoscope based on an optical
pupil filter and a dark field technique. The super-resolution
confocal ophthalmoscope is capable of accurately acquiring super-resolution dark field images of retinas of living human eyes in real time, and comprises a
beacon light source, an imaging
light source, an optical
pupil filter, a two-dimensional scanning
galvanometer, a Hartmann sensor, a
deformable mirror, an
optical filter and a photoelectric detection
system. The
beacon light source is used for correcting
human eye aberrations; the imaging light source is used for acquiring
human eye images. The operating method comprises the following steps: characterizing resolution according to Rayleigh criterion by using
full width at half maximum, adding a two-zone type phase optical
pupil filter at an illumination end, wherein the pinhole is equal to
Airy disk size; allowing the pinhole to be equal to 1.5 times that of
Airy disk size when the filter(s) is / are arranged at the imaging end or two ends, so that the
diffraction limit condition can be realized when the transverse
full width at half maximum is less than the pinhole of a general
microscope equal to the
Airy disk size, and the super-resolution image can be acquired at a super-resolution ratio. On the basis, the pinhole equal to the Airy
disk size is translated by an Airy disk distance, the pinhole equal to 1.5 times that of the Airy
disk size is subjected to central blocking or linear blocking, so that dark field imaging can be realized.