2686results about How to "Focus" patented technology

The invention includes chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition methods of forming high k ABO₃ comprising dielectric layers on a substrate, where “A” is selected from the group consisting of Group IIA and Group IVB elements and mixtures thereof, and where “B” is selected from the group consisting of Group IVA metal elements and mixtures thereof. In one implementation, a plurality of precursors comprising A, B and O are fed to a chemical vapor deposition chamber having a substrate positioned therein under conditions effective to deposit a high k ABO₃ comprising dielectric layer over the substrate. During the feeding, pressure within the chamber is varied effective to produce different concentrations of A at different elevations in the deposited layer and where higher comparative pressure produces greater concentration of B in the deposited layer. In one implementation, a subatmospheric physical vapor deposition method of forming a high k ABO₃ comprising dielectric layer on a substrate includes providing a sputtering target comprising ABO₃ and a substrate to be deposited upon within a physical vapor deposition chamber. A sputtering gas is fed to the chamber under conditions effective to sputter the target and deposit a high k ABO₃ comprising dielectric layer over the substrate. During the feeding, pressure is varied within the chamber effective to produce different concentrations of B at different elevations in the deposited layer and where higher comparative pressure produces greater concentration of B in the deposited layer.

A solar energy utilization unit comprises a solar radiation concentrating optics and a solar radiation receiver including first and second receiver components. The first receiver component is designed to convert into electric energy radiation in a first part of the solar spectrum, and the second receiver component is designed to convert into electric energy radiation in a second part of the solar spectrum different from said first part. The solar radiation concentrating optics comprises a concave primary reflector and a convex secondary reflector. The primary reflector is adapted to reflect incident solar radiation towards the secondary reflector, the secondary reflector is adapted to reflect radiation in the first part of the solar spectrum into the first receiver component and to transmit radiation in the second part of the solar spectrum into the second receiver component. The primary reflector is formed with a centrally disposed opening via which the first receiver component is adapted to receive the radiation reflected by the secondary receiver.

A safety device for vehicles. The device inhibits use of communication devices that run the risk of distracting a driver/operator while the vehicle is in motion. Several techniques for inhibiting use are described which can be used individually or in a complementary combinations. In one technique, a rapidly varying signal level is created local to the communication device. The variations exceed the operational limits of the system, thereby inhibiting communications. The device may be in a constant-on mode, unless it detects an attempt to make a communication classified as appropriate. Such a device may inhibit short messages, such as “text” messages and may also allow or, in some embodiments, place emergency calls.

Prioritization of project workspaces is provided herein. Data items are grouped into project workspaces based on workspace identifiers with which the data items have been tagged. Grouped data items included in a project workspace are tagged with a common workspace identifier that indicates association with a project corresponding to the project workspace, the project including tasks for a user. Priority of the project workspace is determined relative to priority of other project workspaces and based on ascertaining priorities of the tasks of the project by analyzing the grouped data items included in the project workspace. An indication of the priority of the project workspace relative to priority of the other project workspaces is provided for graphical presentation to the user, in order to facilitate focusing the user to a highest priority project workspace of the project workspaces.

A user-specific change highlighting system and method keeps track of which version of an information object, such as a document, was last viewed by or downloads to the user. When a user reads or downloads a new version of the document, the system and method checks whether the current version is different from the last-viewed version. If the document has changed, the present invention uses, for example, color, font or some other technique to highlight the changes that have been made to the document.

A method, system and computer readable medium for automated detection of lung nodules in computed tomography (CT) image scans, including generating two-dimensional segmented lung images by segmenting a plurality of two-dimensional CT image sections derived from the CT image scans; generating three-dimensional segmented lung volume images by combining the two-dimensional segmented lung images; determining three-dimensional lung nodule candidates from the three-dimensional segmented lung volume images, including, identifying structures within the three-dimensional segmented lung volume images that meet a volume criterion; deriving features from the lung nodule candidates; and detecting lung nodules by analyzing the features to eliminate false-positive nodule candidates from the nodule candidates.

An x-ray generating device includes a field emission cathode formed at least partially from a nanostructure-containing material having an emitted electron current density of at least 4 A/cm². High energy conversion efficiency and compact design are achieved due to easy focusing of cold cathode emitted electrons and dramatic reduction of heating at the anode. In addition, by pulsing the field between the cathode and the gate or anode and focusing the electron beams at different anode materials, pulsed x-ray radiation with varying energy can be generated from a single device. Methods and apparatus for independent control of electron emission current and x-ray energy in x-ray tubes are also provided. The independent control can be accomplished by adjusting the distance between the cathode and anode. The independent control can also be accomplished by adjusting the temperature of the cathode. The independent control can also be accomplished by optical excitation of the cathode. The cathode can include field emissive materials such as carbon nanotubes.

An apparatus and method for an immersive active and interactive educational invention. A preferred embodiment of the apparatus includes an activity device including an activity sensor for generating an activity interaction signal responsive to a sustained large-muscle physical activity of a user operating the activity device; a controller, coupled to the activity monitor, generating a virtual environment supporting a virtual user frame-of-reference in the virtual environment, the controller generating a set of virtual education elements in the environment and a goal for the set virtual representation with respect to the virtual education elements wherein the controller is responsive to the activity interaction signal to produce an affected interaction of the virtual representation with the virtual education elements with the controller measuring a conformation of the goal by the affected interaction; and a feedback system, coupled to the controller, for presenting the virtual environment with the frame-of-reference in relation to the virtual education elements for providing the user with feedback regarding the goal and the conformation of the goal by the affected interaction.

A high gain, multi-beam lens antenna system for future fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. The lens antenna includes a spherical dielectric lens fed with a plurality of radiating antenna elements. The elements are arranged around the exterior surface of the lens at a fixed offset with a predetermined angular displacement between each element. The number of beams and crossover levels between adjacent beams are determined by the dielectric properties and electrical size of the lens. The spherical nature of the dielectric lens provides a focal surface allowing the elements to be rotated around the lens with no degradation in performance. The antenna system supports wideband and multiband operation with multiple polarizations making it ideal for future 5G wireless networks.

A microfluidic device comprises inlets for a sample flow and an out-of-plane focusing sheath flow, and a curved channel section configured to receive the sample flow and out-of-plane focusing sheath and to provide hydrodynamic focusing of the sample flow in an out-of-plane direction, the out-of-plane direction being normal to a plane including the curved channel. Examples of the invention also include improved flow cytometers.

It is described an electron optical arrangement, a X-ray emitting device and a method of creating an electron beam. An electron optical apparatus (1) comprises the following components along an optical axis (25): a cathode with an emitter (3) having a substantially planar surface (9) for emitting electrons; an anode (11) for accelerating the emitted electrons in a direction essentially along the optical axis (25); a first magnetic quadrupole lens (19) for deflecting the accelerated electrons and having a first yoke (41); a second magnetic quadrupole lens (21) for further deflecting the accelerated electrons and having a second yoke (51); and a magnetic dipole lens (23) for further deflecting the accelerated electrons.

A system designs a thin and relatively flat microwave focusing lens that can produce multiple simultaneous beams, using readily-available isotropic dielectric materials, and having a gradient-index (GRIN) profile. The design optimizes the lens to achieve beam scanning and/or multiple beams over a wide field of regard (FOR) with broad bandwidth and a very short focal length compared with conventional lenses. The lens can be used individually or as an element in a more complex antenna having multiple lenses in various orientations that are independently switched, selected and/or excited simultaneously as elements in a phased array. The antenna terminal incorporates such lens into an array of lenses along with one or more feeds to produce single or multiple beams covering a broad field of regard for such applications as satellite communications on-the-move, cellular, broadband point-point or point-multipoint and other terrestrial or satellite communications systems. The lens and array design support multiple simultaneous independently steerable beams as well as null placement for interference cancellation.

An exercise machine with an adaptive interface comprises: a processing unit (7) for managing and controlling the machine; sensor means (9) for transferring information about the machine operating state to the processing unit (7); a user interface (10) equipped with means (11) for displaying the machine current operating state; manual control means (12) for the machine functions; optimization means (19), controlled by the processing unit (7) and designed to modify the display means (11) and the manual control means (12) when there are variations in at least one machine operating parameter detected by the sensor means (9).