The invention provides optical glass and an optical component. The optical glass has negative anomalous dispersion characteristics, low fluorescence and good chemical stability and comprises, by weight, 31% to 55% of SiO2, 15% to 29% of Nb2O5, 0.5% to 9% of ZrO2, 0.5% to 10% of La2O3, and 12% to 30% of R2O; R2O includes one or any of Na2O, Li2O and K2O. The optical glass needs no extra non-environmental elements and is 1.61 to 1.75 in refractive index, 35 to 45 in abbe number, and less than -0.0008 in negative anomalous dispersion DeltaPg, F; measured by a method specified in the Japanese standard JOGIS (japan optical glass industry standard) 03-1975, the fluorescence level is 1. The optical glass has low fluorescence and is widely applicable to devices, such as digital cameras, digital video cameras, camera-phones and fluorescent microscopes.