The invention relates to the gene detecting field, especially a method for detecting gene copy number variation. The method comprises: selecting an endogenous or exogenous similar sequence which is similar to and different from the gene sequence to be detected; designing a corresponding a primer for amplifying the gene sequence to be detected and the similar sequence simultaneously, then performing the high-resolution melting curve analysis; when there is copy number variation in the gene to be detected, the result of the high-resolution melting curve analysis can be clearly distinguished from the result of the analysis of the wild-type gene to be tested, so as to realize the detecting target. The method of the invention is not only suitable for gene copy number variation, which is equally suitable for aneuploidy detection. The method of the invention is not only suitable for gene copy number variation, population screening and conventional prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy detection, which is further equally suitable for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. The method of the invention has advantages of rapidness, precision, high sensitivity, high throughput, low cost and no pollution.