The present invention provides a gear-type heterocyclic trimer perylene diimide compound, the structural formula of which is shown in formula (I): wherein, R 1 Any one of the following groups: C 2‑60 Alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, alkylaryl, substituted alkylaryl, alkylhetero Aryl group, alkyl heteroaryl group containing substituent, alkyl heterocyclic group or alkyl heterocyclic group containing substituent, R in each position 1 same or different; R 2 Selected from S or Se, R at each position 2 same or different. The gear-type heterocyclic trimerized perylene diimide of the present invention introduces heteroatoms at six positions of 6, 7, 6', 7', 6", and 7" of the single bonded trimerized perylene diimide, The photoelectric conversion efficiency is obviously improved, the design idea is reasonable and effective, the molecular structure is simple, and the synthesis steps are shortened. It is an organic solar cell material with important application prospects.