The invention relates to the technical field of blast furnace ash resource reutilization, in particular to a process for recovering iron and carbon elements from blast furnace gas ash. A flotation method is adopted for recovering carbon, a re-separation and magnetic separation method is adopted for recovering iron, the total separation process is the combined technical process flow of flotation, re-separation and magnetic separation, the gas ash enters the coarse flotation after the slurry preparation and medicine adding, coarse flotation concentrates enter fine flotation, the fine flotation concentrates are final carbon concentrates, coarse flotation tailings and fine flotation tailings enter a re-separation coarse separation spiral chute to separate out re-separation tailings, the coarse spiral concentrates enter a fine separation spiral chute to obtain re-separation concentrates, ores in a fine separation spiral chute carries out self circulation, the tailings in the fine separation spiral chute enter a weak magnetic separation machine for carrying out magnetic separation, the weak magnetic concentrates and the re-separation concentrates are combined into final iron concentrates, and the weak magnetic tailings and the re-separation tailings are combined into final tailings. The process has the beneficial effects that the process is simple, the varieties of reagents are few,the process configuration is reasonable, the purification and impurity removal effects are obvious, the product quality is better, the recovery rate is high, and a new path is provided for the comprehensive utilization of the blast furnace gas ash.