The invention specifically relates to a cleaning compound for heavy oil fouling, belonging to the field of cleaning compounds. The cleaning compound for heavy oil fouling comprises the following substances by weight: 5 to 10 parts of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 5 to 10 parts of ethylene oxide, 10 to 15 parts of epoxypropane, 2 to 5 parts of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 5 to 7 parts of sodium dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 5 to 7 parts of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 5 to 12 parts of triethanolamine, 3 to 8 parts of alkyl glycoside, 6 to 12 parts of sodium X-vinyl sulfonate, 10 to 20 parts of sodium citrate, 5 to 10 parts of sodium metasilicate, 10 to 15 parts of stearyltridecylethanolamine, 5 to 12 parts of benzyl alcohol and 78 to 85 parts of deionized water. The cleaning compound for heavy oil fouling provided by the invention is wide in an application scope; after increase of the usage amount of the cleaning compound, the cleaning compound can effectively remove heavy components in petroleum pipelines, improves oil production, saves cost and enhance work efficiency; in the case of decrease of the usage amount, the cleaning compound can remove oil stains on a variety of machines and equipment and does no harm to pipelines, equipment and health of users; and the cleaning compound is safe, healthy and environment friendly, can form a protection film on a metal material, and prolongs the service life of metal equipment.