The invention discloses a penetrating type reverse-flow drying device. The penetrating type reverse-flow drying device comprises a heat exchanger, an air heater, a driving drum, a driven drum, a sieve plate type conveying steel belt and a dryer body, wherein an air blower is connected with one side of the upper end of the heat exchanger, the air heater is connected with one side of the lower end of the heat exchanger, the driving drum is connected with a double-stage cycloidal-pin wheel speed reducer through a transmission chain, a material conveying system is formed by the driving drum and the driven drum through the sieve plate type conveying steel belt, a feeding hopper is arranged at one end of the material conveying system, a discharging hopper is arranged at the other end of the material conveying system, the sieve plate type conveying steel belt penetrates through the dryer body, the dryer body is of a sealed structure, a plurality of axial fans are reasonably distributed on the top face and the bottom face of the dryer body, one side of the dryer body is connected with an outlet of the air heater, the other side of the dryer body is connected with an suction fan, and an air outlet of the suction fan is connected with an inlet pipe arranged at the bottom of the heat exchanger. The penetrating type reverse-flow drying device is simple in structure and good in practicability, can achieve rapid and efficient drying of materials, is low in energy consumption and has broad prospects.