The invention discloses a mono-component aqueous metal baking paint and a preparation method thereof. The mono-component aqueous metal baking paint consists of the following components by weight: 40 to 57 percent of tap water, 28 to 34 percent of aqueous acrylic modified polyester resin, 7 to 8.5 percent of amino resin, 1.12 to 1.36 percent of amine modifier, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of wetting dispersing agent A, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of wetting dispersing agent B, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of defoaming agent, 0.5 to 1.2 percent of thickening agent, and 0.2 to 0.6 percent of levelling agent. The mono-component aqueous metal baking paint uses water as a solvent without adding an alcohol / ether cosolvent so that environmental protection is excellent; because of mono-component, the construction is simple and convenient, and the performance is stable; and a paint film is plumpy, the luster is high, the mechanical property is excellent, and the adhesive force is good. The mono-component aqueous metal baking paint is applicable to metal surface corrosion protection and decoration, and can be used as a finishing paint, a priming paint or a coating varnish; and when used for bottom surface integral coating, the mono-component aqueous metal baking paint still has excellent surface effect and protective action.