952results about How to "Large output" patented technology

A cooling apparatus for semiconductor chips includes radiation fins formed on the opposite surface of metal base opposite to the surface of metal base, to which an insulator base board mounting semiconductor chips thereon, is disposed. The radiation fins, such as sheet-shaped fins having different lengths are arranged such that the surface area density of the fins becomes higher in the coolant flow direction, whereby the surface area density is the total surface area of radiation fins on a unit surface area of the metal base. As a result, the temperatures of semiconductor chips arranged along the coolant flow direction are closer to each other.

The maximum output of a seismic source array may be reduced by activating the individual seismic sources within these seismic source array in a pattern that is extended in time rather than by the presently employed conventional simultaneous activation of a large number of individual seismic sources. Methods are disclosed which take data shot with patterned sources and may use a sparse inversion method to create data with the about same image quality as that of conventional sources. In this manner the output of the maximum impulse of a seismic source array may be reduced by an amplitude factor of about 10 in the examples shown here, corresponding to a reduction of about 20 dB while maintaining virtually the same seismic image quality. The disclosed methods may be used in combination with any simultaneous sourcing technique. In addition, the disclosed methods may be used with a plurality of source arrays.

A cooling apparatus for semiconductor chips includes radiation fins formed on the opposite surface of metal base opposite to the surface of metal base, to which an insulator base board mounting semiconductor chips thereon, is disposed. The radiation fins, such as sheet-shaped fins having different lengths are arranged such that the surface area density of the fins becomes higher in the coolant flow direction, whereby the surface area density is the total surface area of radiation fins on a unit surface area of the metal base. As a result, the temperatures of semiconductor chips arranged along the coolant flow direction are closer to each other.

A multi-layer armature for a moving armature receiver. The armature includes a first armature layer and a displacement region. The first armature layer includes a first surface and a second armature layer having a second surface positioned adjacent to the first surface. The displacement region provides relative displacement between the armature layers. The multi-layer construction of the armature in combination with the displacement region creates considerable design freedom in choosing armature geometry outside conventional bounds posed by the above-mentioned constraint between armature cross-sectional area and its mechanical stiffness. The design freedom can be applied to achieve numerous performance benefits for the moving armature receiver such as higher electroacoustic conversion efficiency, increased maximum sound pressure output or smaller overall length of the multi-layer armature. The smaller length leads to a smaller size of moving armature receivers which is an important performance metric for moving armature receivers for numerous severely size-constrained applications.

Methods, luminaires and systems for matching a composite light spectrum to a target light spectrum are disclosed. Method embodiments may be optimized for simultaneously maximizing luminous output with minimal chromaticity error. Method embodiments may further be optimized for simultaneously minimizing both chromaticity and spectral error. Embodiments of the present invention may be used with composite light sources having four or more distinct dominant colors within the visible spectrum.

A magnetic head includes a pair of ferromagnetic electrodes, namely, a first ferromagnetic electrode layer which is in contact with a portion of a first electrode layer with a first insulating barrier layer interposed in between; and a second ferromagnetic electrode layer which is in contact with another portion of the first electrode layer with a second insulating barrier layer interposed in between. The first electrode layer and the first ferromagnetic layer collectively constitute part of a current-supplying circuit. Moreover, the first electrode layer and the second ferromagnetic layer which are in contact with the first electrode layer with the second insulating barrier layer interposed in between in a region where the two layers are not in contact with the first insulating barrier layer, collectively constitute part of a voltage-measurement circuit. Spin-polarization at the interface in an intersecting region of the second ferromagnetic layer and the second insulating barrier layer, is greater than spin-polarization at the interface in an intersecting region of the first ferromagnetic layer and the first insulating barrier layer.

The invention discloses a K-shaped linear ultrasonic motor based on the theory of a continuous amplitude transformer, belonging to the field of ultrasonic motor. The motor comprises a stator and a rotor; wherein, the rotor is a linear guide way; the stator consists of two Langevin oscillators, center lines of which are crossed; each Langevin oscillator consists of a front end (41), a rear end (61), a piezoelectric ceramic chip (31) and corresponding electrode plates (51); the head parts of the two Langevin oscillators are connected into a whole to form a driving leg (42); the linear guide way and the two Langevin oscillators are arranged in the same plane and form a K-shaped structure. The invention is characterized in that the Langevin oscillators are in the rod structure; the section of the rod is a continuous section that is gradually reduced from the rear end (61) to the front end (41). The linear ultrasonic motor of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, high output power, fast operating speed and high output efficiency.

There is provided a piezoelectric device for generating an acoustic signal in which an expansion mechanism expands a disposition of a laminated piezoelectric actuator by the principle of leverage. The mass of a base member placed in the expansion mechanism is larger than the mass of a vibration output member. An overall device size is small. The piezoelectric device has a pressurization structure for reducing a tractive force acting on the laminated piezoelectric actuator which is generated by the amplification. This enables provision of a piezoelectric device for generating an acoustic signal that is a small size, highly resistant to dropping impact, and has god acoustic performance with less sound leakage.

A solar power management system is provided for managing electric energy conversion by a photovoltaic cell module, supplying the converted electric energy to an external load, and storing the converted electric energy in a battery. The solar power management system comprises a multiphase maximum power tracking (MPT) module, a charging circuit, and a voltage conversion module. The multiphase MPT module regulates output current of the photovoltaic cell module to output maximum power within the high limit thereof and obtain improved solar energy conversion efficiency. The voltage conversion module converts the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell module into different voltage formats, such as 5.6V DC, 1.0V DC, 0.6˜0.3V DC low voltage, or −1.2V DC negative voltage, to meet different external load requirements. The solar power management system has simple circuitry and can be configured as a system on chip (SoC) at reduced cost while provides very wide applications.

Electrostatically operated micro-optical devices and method of manufacturing such devices is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the micro-optical devices using electrostatic comb drive actuators having new spring designs to overcome side instability and exhibit enlarged displacement, having new designs of comb finger electrode shapes to generate larger force output, and having new clip type latch mechanism to control the corresponding device at certain states in an analog manner without electrical power consumption. Based on the proposed optical path and device configurations, integration and assembly of a plurality of reflective micro-mirrors in conjunction with proposed new comb drive actuators is very promising way to provide micro-optical devices to get good optical performance and suitable for multi-channel applications. We also disclose several process techniques to manufacture the micro-optical devices with said electrostatic comb drive actuator in a mass production manner with higher yield.

A surface-emission laser diode comprises a cavity region over a semiconductor substrate and includes an active layer containing at least one quantum well active layer producing a laser light and a barrier layer, a spacer layer is provided in the vicinity of the active layer and formed of at least one material, an upper and lower reflectors are provided at a top part and a bottom part of the cavity region, the cavity region and the upper and lower reflectors form a mesa structure over the semiconductor substrate, the upper and lower reflectors being formed of a semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector having a periodic change of refractive index and reflecting incident light by interference of optical waves, at least a part of the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector is formed of a layer of small refractive index of AlxGa1-xAs (0<x≦1) and a layer of large refractive index of AlyGa1-yAs (0≦y<x≦1), the lower reflector is formed of a first lower reflector having a low-refractive index layer of AlAs and a second lower reflector formed on the first lower reflector, the second lower reflector has a low-refractive index layer of AlGaAs, any one layer constituting the cavity region contains In.

The present invention relates to a counterfeit-proof volume hologram multilayer structure capable of securely preventing a counterfeiter from replicating a volume hologram recorded therein. The multilayer structure comprises a transparent surface protective layer, a volume hologram layer, and an adhesive layer which are sequentially laminated and is characterized in that particles having particle diameter of 350 nm or more are dispersed in at least one of the transparent surface protective layer, the volume hologram layer, and the adhesive layer and that the refractive index ratio (nF / nB) is set to be not less than 1.05 or not greater than 0.95, wherein nF is the refractive index of the particles and nB is the refractive index of the medium in which the particles are dispersed, or characterized in that at least either the refractive index ratio (nP / nH) between the transparent surface protective layer and the volume hologram layer or the refractive index ratio (nH / nA) between the volume hologram layer and the adhesive layer is set to be not less than 1.08, wherein nP is the refractive index of the transparent surface protective layer, nH is the refractive index of the volume hologram layer, and nA is the refractive index of the adhesive layer.

The invention relates to a three-chain six-freedom parallel flexible hinge micro motion device, wherein it comprises base platform, movable platform, driver on the base platform, and three support rods via flexible joints connected to the driver and movable platform. Said driver comprises three flexible plates on the base platform and piezoelectric ceramic driver connected to the flexible plates; three flexible plates are integrated processed, while each plate is connected to two piezoelectric ceramic drivers in right angle. The invention has compact structure and low installment error.

A time varying current sensor is constructed using surface coils uniformly spaced around a central cavity adapted to receive the conductor through which the current to be measured flows. Accurate and uniform coil geometry is achieved using printed circuit board technology, thereby eliminating the high cost of precision toroidal coil winding. An optional hinge in the housing can allow the sensor to be easily installed on existing conductors without the need to disconnect and reconnect.

An object of the present invention is to provide a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting device having a reflective positive electrode configured to achieve excellent light extraction efficiency.The inventive gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting device has a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor layer structure comprising an n-type semiconductor layer, a light-emitting layer and a p-type semiconductor layer, on a substrate, wherein a positive electrode provided on the p-type semiconductor layer is a reflective positive electrode comprising a transparent material layer and a reflective metal layer formed on the transparent material layer.

This invention provides a portable combustion device that provides a cleaner combustion, reduces the kindling period, and provides a more efficient overall combustion through the use of a fan that directs a predetermined volume of airflow over the combustible fuel—typically wood or similar cellulose-based biological solids. The combustion device has a combustion chamber with a fuel source. A housing encloses the TEG on the side of the device that generates an electrical output based on a temperature differential between opposing TEG sides. A heat-conducting probe is mounted to the TEG and protrudes into the combustion chamber. The opposing TEG side contacts a heat sink that interacts with ambient air. A fan draws heated air away the heat sink, and forces the air onto the combusting fuel through a plurality of peripheral ports that connect with an air space located between inner and outer walls of the combustion chamber.

A method and apparatus (10) for extracting energy from flowing fluids using a diffuser (11) which has side walls (14) formed from a series of aerofoil section members (15) with gaps (29) provided between the leading and trailing ends of the members (15) to allow introduction of fluid from outside of the diffuser (11) into the diffuser flow passage (16) such that increased energy can be extracted from the flowing fluid by a prime mover (20) located in the flow passage (16).

A cascaded switching power converter for coupling a photovoltaic (PV) energy source to power mains provides a high-efficiency and a potentially simple control mechanism for AC solar energy conversion systems. The PV energy source charges a capacitive storage element through a DC-DC converter, and an inverter couples energy from the capacitive storage element to the mains supply. The DC-DC converter is controlled so that ripple present on the capacitive storage element due to current drawn by the inverter is not reflected at the input of the DC-DC converter, which is accomplished by varying the conversion ratio of the DC-DC converter with the ripple voltage present across the capacitor. The average voltage of the capacitor can also be increased with increases in the available power output from the PV energy source, so that a corresponding increase in power is transferred to the mains supply.

A vehicle-starting-engine-torque restricting device is provided to restrict engine torque upon starting of a vehicle with an engine used as a vehicle drive power source, so that a required output of a first electric motor which generates a reaction force corresponding to the engine torque can be made smaller than when the engine torque is not restricted. Namely, the vehicle-starting-engine-torque restricting device eliminates a need of increasing the maximum output of the first electric motor to generate the reaction force corresponding to the engine torque, making it possible to reduce the required size of the first electric motor.

Systems and methods are provided for managing the batteries and the power source as a single combined output to power the load, allowing the system to use power source with reduced maximum power output, reducing system cost and complexity. Furthermore, the switch matrix controller efficiently and dynamically manages the internal power transfer to minimize the charging / discharging cycle of the batteries while ensuring that the power source and the batteries meet changing load power demand. Finally, maximizing charging time and having independent control of each battery increase power efficiency, prolong the operational life of the battery, and increase overall system life.

Vehicle-starting-engine-torque restricting means 86 is provided to restrict engine torque TE upon starting of a vehicle with engine 8 used as a vehicle drive power source, so that a required output of first electric motor M1 which generates a reaction force corresponding to the engine torque TE can be made smaller than in the case where the engine torque TE is not restricted. Namely, the vehicle-starting-engine-torque restricting means 86 eliminates a need of increasing the maximum output of the first electric motor M1 to generate the reaction force corresponding to the engine torque TE, making it possible to reduce the required size of the first electric motor M1.

The present invention proposes a hybrid methodology and apparatus between photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) solar panels to lower the photovoltaic solar energy production cost. In particular, the disclosed methodology addresses a simple quasi-parabolic trough PV (QPTPV) low concentration system with greater tolerance to tracker pointing errors. The quasi-parabolic trough (QPT) reflector is defocused to cover the width of a linear solar cells array, which is reduced from a large rectangular solar cells panel. In summary, the QPTPV system consists of low cost quasi-parabolic reflectors, a compact linear PV cells array and a lower cost relaxed pointing 2-axes tracker. The combination of these low cost technologies disclosed can achieve the lowest cost per kilowatt hour of photovoltaic energy production.

The improved circuit structure for a rechargeable battery has in a charging electric circuit device thereof for the battery with a detective protecting electric circuit and a charging-discharging electric circuit; the detective protecting electric circuit has a protective IC and a protective circuit switch; the charging-discharging electric circuit has a voltage stabilizing IC and a voltage stabilizing circuit switch connecting with the voltage stabilizing IC, the voltage stabilizing IC stabilizes the voltage of the battery at a set value, so that when the voltage of the battery is lower than the set value, the voltage stabilizing circuit switch is turned on. This assures normal activating of a unit such as a digital camera and prevents inactivation of the related devices of the camera (such as a driving motor of a lens of the camera) by activating a protective electric circuit in the circuit structure that can protect from overly charging or discharging.

A spin MOSFET includes: a semiconductor substrate; a first magnetic film formed on the semiconductor substrate and including a first ferromagnetic layer, a magnetization direction of the first ferromagnetic layer being pinned; a second magnetic film formed on the semiconductor substrate to separate from the first magnetic film and including a magnetization free layer, a first nonmagnetic layer being a tunnel insulator and provided on the magnetization free layer, and a magnetization pinned layer provided on the first nonmagnetic layer, a magnetization direction of the magnetization free layer being changeable and a magnetization direction of the magnetization pinned layer being fixed; a gate insulating film provided at least on the semiconductor substrate between the first magnetic film and the second magnetic film; and a gate electrode formed on the gate insulating film.

A drive system for a three phase brushless AC motor is arranged to optimize the transistor switching pattern to improve power output whilst allowing current measurement in all of the phases using a single sensor. This is achieved by defining voltage demand vectors x where more than two states are required to meet a minimum state time requirement determined by the single sensor method, and calculating three or more state vectors which produce the demanded vector x whilst still allowing single current sensing. Various methods of optimising the PWM pattern so as to give maximum output whilst using single current sensing are also disclosed.

An improved LED light bulb for use in a brake light bulb socket of an automobile or similar vehicle wherein selected numbers of LED are energized at full intensity depending upon whether the automobile is in the brake light mode or the tail light mode. The light emitting diode lamp includes first and second printed circuit boards having first and second pluralities of light emitting diodes mounted thereupon for emitting monochromatic light in response to power signals supplied from the automobile. All LED's are on full intensity in the brake light mode and less than the full number of LED's on the first and second printed circuit boards are on at full intensity for the tail light mode.

An AC power source is coupled to a step-up transformer that provides a rectified DC output voltage to charge an intermediate capacitor. A high voltage electronic switch is turned ON and OFF by a control signal to couple and decouple the intermediate capacitor to the input of an inductor that supplies current to a capacitor bank. A switching regulator controller generates a control signal to vary the turn ON and OFF times of the electronic switch to generate a controlled current through the inductor while the voltage across the capacitor bank varies over a positive and negative voltage range during charging and discharging of the capacitor bank. The controlled current through the inductor is maintained while the capacitor bank is discharged. The value of the controlled current may be constant or varied in response to input and output voltage and current parameters.

The DCOC block is used in ZIF BB to form HPF function to cancel dc offset with a penalty of small silicon area and low power consumption. It is a LPF plus a voltage to current conversion (VIC) resistor, and can hook up with any BB opamp used in signal path, to form a feedback loop, with or without signal gain stages in the loop. The BB opamp is used as a summing point. The summing method is input current summing. The cutoff frequency of the HPF function is thus defined by the integrator, the VIC resistor, and the feedback resistor in the summing opamp. The presence of the VIC resistor can drastically reduce the integrator capacitor and resistor values and thus save silicon area or improve receiver performance.

A spin MOSFET includes: a semiconductor substrate; a first magnetic film formed on the semiconductor substrate and including a first ferromagnetic layer, a magnetization direction of the first ferromagnetic layer being pinned; a second magnetic film formed on the semiconductor substrate to separate from the first magnetic film and including a magnetization free layer, a first nonmagnetic layer being a tunnel insulator and provided on the magnetization free layer, and a magnetization pinned layer provided on the first nonmagnetic layer, a magnetization direction of the magnetization free layer being changeable and a magnetization direction of the magnetization pinned layer being fixed; a gate insulating film provided at least on the semiconductor substrate between the first magnetic film and the second magnetic film; and a gate electrode formed on the gate insulating film.