136results about How to "Large gain" patented technology

The invention provides apparatus and methods for a Virtual Private Network (VPN) in a network that offers a simple user interface for efficient utilization of network resources. The VPN is defined for a specified set of endpoints each of which is associated with a single “hose.” A hose provides access to the VPN through an access point which may be a node of the network, for example. The hose is a single interface to the VPN for communication to all other endpoints of the VPN. The VPN achieves network resource allocation efficiency by exploiting resource sharing possibilities via multiplexing routing paths between endpoints and dynamic resource allocation techniques that permit real time resource allocation resizing. When a VPN is established with a VPN service provider, the routing paths between the endpoints of the VPN is optimized for multiplexing opportunities so that resource allocations between nodes along routing paths within the IP network is reduced to a minimum.

The present invention discloses a high efficiency constant current LED driver, which comprises a rectification bridge, a PFC main circuit, an isolated DC / DC converter, a PFC controller and a PFC bus control circuit. Since the input voltage is an intermediate PFC bus voltage, which varies with the output voltage of the DC / DC converter. When the isolated DC / DC converter is an LLC resonant circuit, the operating frequency of the LLC circuit is close to the resonant frequency within a wide output voltage range. Thus, the gain range and the operating frequency is narrow, and can enable the constant current module to work with a high efficiency at a wide output voltage range. When the isolated DC / DC converter is a symmetric half bridge, or an asymmetric half bridge or a full bridge circuit, the duty cycle of DC / DC circuit is close to 50% within a wide output voltage range. Thus, the changing range of the duty cycle of the DC / DC converter will be narrow and can improve the efficiency dramatically.

A novel polarization maintaining optical fiber, which can be used as a high-power polarization maintaining fiber laser or amplifier, is described. Insensitivity of the polarization state to external fiber bending and temperature changes is accomplished by minimizing polarization mode-coupling via reducing stresses inside the fiber core via increasing the fiber diameter. Alternatively, polarization mode-coupling can be minimized by an optimization of the fiber coating to minimize stresses at the interface between the fiber and the coating. As a result insensitivity to polarization mode-coupling is obtained at greatly reduced values of birefringence compared to small-diameter fibers. The fiber is of significant use in any application where polarization stability is important, and will be useful in telecommunications applications in particular for reducing polarization mode dispersion. An implementation in a parabolic pulse-producing fiber laser is also described as one specific high power example.

An avalanche photodetector comprising a multiplication layer formed of a first material having a first polarization; the multiplication layer having a first electric field upon application of a bias voltage; an absorption layer formed of a second material having a second polarization forming an interface with the multiplication layer; the absorption layer having a second electric field upon application of the bias voltage, the second electric field being less than the first electric field or substantially zero, carriers created by light absorbed in the absorption layer being multiplied in the multiplication layer due to the first electric field; the absorption layer having a second polarization which is greater or less than the first polarization to thereby create an interface charge; the interface charge being positive when the first material predominately multiplies holes, the interface charge being negative when the first material predominately multiplies electrons, the change in electric field at the interface occurring abruptly at the atomic level; the interface charge creating electric field discontinuity causing first electric field to attain the breakdown field in the multiplication region and the second electric field to be low or zero in the absorption layer to thereby eliminate the need for a doped charge layer and the associated thickness of the doped charge layer required to transition from the low field to the high field. Also claimed is a method of making.

Analyzing an event chronology record to permit identification of periods of a production sequence that correspond to a high probability of failure. Systems and methods include receiving an event chronology for a particular machine in the production sequence and for a particular time interval. A reliability analysis system accesses process flow information to determine whether a particular event in the event chronology is related to a subsequent adverse event within a predefined event window.

A surface-emission laser diode comprises a cavity region over a semiconductor substrate and includes an active layer containing at least one quantum well active layer producing a laser light and a barrier layer, a spacer layer is provided in the vicinity of the active layer and formed of at least one material, an upper and lower reflectors are provided at a top part and a bottom part of the cavity region, the cavity region and the upper and lower reflectors form a mesa structure over the semiconductor substrate, the upper and lower reflectors being formed of a semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector having a periodic change of refractive index and reflecting incident light by interference of optical waves, at least a part of the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector is formed of a layer of small refractive index of AlxGa1-xAs (0<x≦1) and a layer of large refractive index of AlyGa1-yAs (0≦y<x≦1), the lower reflector is formed of a first lower reflector having a low-refractive index layer of AlAs and a second lower reflector formed on the first lower reflector, the second lower reflector has a low-refractive index layer of AlGaAs, any one layer constituting the cavity region contains In.

The present disclosure relates generally to data decoding, and more particularly to non-binary iterative decoders. Non-binary LDPC codes and LDPC decoders that may be used to decode non-binary LDPC codes are disclosed. Systems and methods are also disclosed that compute messages related to non-binary LDPC codes, in a LLRV form and in a metric vector form and to process these messages in non-binary LDPC decoders. Systems and methods are additionally disclosed that convert messages between the LLRV form and the metric vector form. The implementation and use of non-binary low density parity check code decoders, the computation of messages in the LLRV and metric vector forms, and the use of message conversion systems and methods, according to this disclosure, may provide increased information relating groups of codeword bits, increased computational efficiency, and improved application performance.

There is provided an amplifier for combining outputs of a plurality of amplifying circuits to generate an amplifier output. The amplifier includes a first amplifying circuit for operating a first amplifying device in class-AB, wherein the first amplifying circuit is one among the plurality of the amplifying circuits; a second amplifying circuit for operating a second amplifying device in class-B or class-C, wherein the second amplifying circuit is one among the plurality of the amplifying circuits; and a summing node at which an output of the first amplifying circuit is combined with an output of the second amplifying circuit via a first impedance transformer containing a transmission line of an electrical length other than λ / 4. The second amplifying device is connected to the summing node via an output matching circuit and a second impedance transformer containing a transmission line.

An adaptive antenna unit is adapted to a mobile terminal for making mobile communication and adaptively forms an antenna directivity in a direction of a base station which exchanges signals with the mobile terminal. The adaptive antenna unit is provided with an azimuth sensor to detect at least one of rotation, inclination and present position of the mobile terminal, a transmitter-receiver section to control the antenna directivity in a direction in which a reception characteristic improves based on reception signals received from a plurality of antenna elements forming the antenna directivity, and a mechanism for correcting the antenna directivity in the direction of the base station, based on the at least one of rotation, inclination and present position of the mobile terminal detected by the azimuth sensor.

A surface-emission laser diode comprises a cavity region over a semiconductor substrate and includes an active layer containing at least one quantum well active layer producing a laser light and a barrier layer, a spacer layer is provided in the vicinity of the active layer and formed of at least one material, an upper and lower reflectors are provided at a top part and a bottom part of the cavity region, the cavity region and the upper and lower reflectors form a mesa structure over the semiconductor substrate, the upper and lower reflectors being formed of a semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector having a periodic change of refractive index and reflecting incident light by interference of optical waves, at least a part of the semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector is formed of a layer of small refractive index of AlxGa1-xAs (0<x≦1) and a layer of large refractive index of AlyGa1-yAs (0≦y<x≦1), the lower reflector is formed of a first lower reflector having a low-refractive index layer of AlAs and a second lower reflector formed on the first lower reflector, the second lower reflector has a low-refractive index layer of AlGaAs, any one layer constituting the cavity region contains In.

A planar antenna is formed of a circuit substrate and a slot line formed on the circuit substrate for guiding an electromagnetic wave in an axial direction thereof, the planar antenna emitting the electromagnetic wave at an end part of said slot line, wherein the end part has a curved shape forming a focal point at a location on an axis of the slot line with offset by a distance of about a quarter wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, and wherein there is provided a conductor pattern having a length of about a half of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the focal point.

Structures and methods involving non volatile depletion mode p-channel memory cells with an ultrathin tunnel oxide thicknesses, e.g. less than 50 Angstrom (Å), have been provided. Write and erase operations are performed by tunneling. The floating gate of the depletion mode p-channel memory cell is adapted to hold a fixed charge over a limited range of floating gate potentials or electron energies. There is a range potentials applied to the floating gate for which there are no final nor initial states in the silicon substrate or p+ source region. In this range of potentials there can be no charge leakage from the floating gate by tunneling or thermally assisted tunneling. The charge state of the floating gate will modulate the conductivity of the underlying transistor channel, with different stable and non-volatile charge states resulting in different conductivity states. Other aspects are also included.

A wireless communication device includes: a high frequency circuit for generating a high frequency signal, the high frequency circuit being provided on a high-frequency-circuit surface of an integrated antenna module substrate mounted on a mounting substrate; a patch antenna for irradiating radio waves indicative of the generated high frequency signal, the patch antenna being provided on an antenna surface of the integrated antenna module substrate; and a ring-shaped grounding surface provided on the antenna surface of the integrated antenna module substrate so as to surround the patch antenna. This allows reducing surface waves irradiated from the end of the integrated antenna module substrate and improving antenna characteristics.

The invention provides apparatus and methods for a Virtual Private Network (VPN) in a network that offers a simple user interface for efficient utilization of network resources. The VPN is defined for a specified set of endpoints each of which is associated with a single “hose.” A hose provides access to the VPN through an access point which may be a node of the network, for example. The hose is a single interface to the VPN for communication to all other endpoints of the VPN. The VPN achieves network resource allocation efficiency by exploiting resource sharing possibilities via multiplexing routing paths between endpoints and dynamic resource allocation techniques that permit real time resource allocation resizing. When a VPN is established with a VPN service provider, the routing paths between the endpoints of the VPN is optimized for multiplexing opportunities so that resource allocations between nodes along routing paths within the IP network is reduced to a minimum.

The invention relates to a line driver supplied with a power supply voltage from a power supply and an amplifying method. According to the invention the following steps are performed: using whole or part of the power supply voltage to generate the output voltage if the input voltage is within the predefined range; loading at least one capacitor with at least one capacitor voltage; and using whole or part of the capacitor voltage in addition to whole or part of the power supply voltage to generate the output voltage if the input voltage is outside the predefined range.

A method of detecting and diagnosing cancers characterized by the presence of at least one nodule / neoplasm from an imaging scan is presented. To detect nodules in an imaging scan, a 3D CNN using a single feed forward pass of a single network is used. After detection, risk stratification is performed using a supervised or an unsupervised deep learning method to assist in characterizing the detected nodule / neoplasm as benign or malignant. The supervised learning method relies on a 3D CNN used with transfer learning and a graph regularized sparse MTL to determine malignancy. The unsupervised learning method uses clustering to generate labels after which label proportions are used with a novel algorithm to classify malignancy. The method assists radiologists in improving detection rates of lung nodules to facilitate early detection and minimizing errors in diagnosis.

A surface emitting laser including a lower reflecting mirror, an active layer, and an upper reflecting mirror in that order, having an air gap between the active layer and the upper reflecting mirror, and being able to change a wavelength of light to be emitted, includes a light-intensity adjustment unit provided on an optical path of the air gap and having optical absorption or optical gain in a wavelength range of emission light of the surface emitting laser. The wavelength of the light to be emitted is changed by displacing the light-intensity adjustment unit and at least one of the upper reflecting mirror and the lower reflecting mirror.

An estimation method utilizing a pair of target-directional models 106 and 108 includes the steps 160 and 164 of decoding an input 142 utilizing the first and the second models 106 and 108, thereby producing k-best hypotheses 162 and 166 from each of the first and the second models 106 and 108; calculating a union of the k-best hypotheses, and re-scoring 168 each of the best hypotheses in the union utilizing the first and the second models; and selecting a hypothesis 144 with the highest score.

A system of contra-rotating propellers for an aircraft turbomachine, including: a free power turbine including a first rotor; first and second propellers; and a mechanical transmission system including a planetary gear train fitted with a sun gear driven by the rotor, at least one planet gear driving the first propeller, and a ring driving the second propeller. The free power turbine also includes a second rotor that is contra-rotating relative to the first rotor, and rotating the ring.

A control unit for an electric power steering apparatus can obtain continuous, stable and comfortable feeling of steering, for improved steering, based on a provision of a continuous hysteresis characteristic using a low-cost structure on software. For this purpose, the control unit for an electric power steering apparatus controls a motor for giving steering assist force to a steering mechanism based on a current control value calculated from a steering assist command value calculated based on the steering torque generated in the steering shaft, and a current value of the motor. The control unit includes an assist calculating unit that differentiates a signal of the steering torque, adds the differentiated value to the steering assist command value, and continuously changes the differential gain according to the steering torque and the size of the vehicle speed.

Antenna radiating elements are combined with dielectric construction materials, with the radiating elements designed to produce a certain radiation pattern taking into account the construction materials.

Antenna radiating elements are combined with dielectric construction materials, with the radiating elements designed to produce a certain radiation pattern taking into account the construction materials.

A system and method for communicating data includes an inner encoder for encoding data with the recursive inner rate one code. A modulator coherently modulates a communications signal that carries the data that has been encoded. An interleaver is operative with the inner encoder and modulator to aid in removing correlation of multipath fading channels on consecutive bits. A convolutional encoder is followed by a random interleaver. The modulator can be operative with mini-probe sequences. An equalizer and decoder receives the communications signal and iteratively decodes any recursive inner rate one code and convolutional code in a turbo fashion.

A method and device for measuring an evoked neural response comprising a sensor (25) for obtaining a sensed signal representing the evoked neural response, a high gain amplifier (30) having a signal input (31) for receiving the sensed signal and having a reference input (32), and means for altering or setting a reference voltage at the reference input (32) to prevent the amplifier (30) saturating with variations of the sensed signal.

The present invention includes an epitaxial structure (16) grown on a semi-insulating InP substrate (12). First, a buffer layer (14) is grown to isolate defects originated from substrates (12). Then an n-type layer (18) is grown to serve as n-contact layer to collect electrons. Next, a multiplication layer (20) is grown to provide avalanche gain for the APD device (10). Following that, an ultra-thin charge control layer (22) is grown with carbon doping. An absorption layer (24) is grown to serve as the region for creating electronhole pairs due to a photo-excitation. Finally, a p-type layer (28) is grown to serve as p-contact layer to collect holes.

Analyzing an event chronology record to permit identification of periods of a production sequence that correspond to a high probability of failure. Systems and methods include receiving an event chronology for a particular machine in the production sequence and for a particular time interval. A reliability analysis system accesses process flow information to determine whether a particular event in the event chronology is related to a subsequent adverse event within a predefined event window.

An antenna system is capable of optimizing communication link quality with one or multiple transceivers while suppressing one or multiple interference sources. The antenna provides a low cost, physically small multi-element antenna system capable of being integrated into mobile devices and designed to form nulls in the radiation pattern to reduce interference from unwanted interferers. The antenna system operates in both line of sight and high multi-path environments by adjusting the radiation pattern and sampling the received signal strength to reduce signal levels from interferers while monitoring and optimizing receive signal strength from desired sources.

Systems, methods and computer readable media are disclosed for a vectorized tile differencing algorithm for a remote desktop protocol (RDP). A server executes a CBC-variant vectorized hash algorithm that is used to produce a big key that identifies the tile, and keeps track of these big keys. Where a serial version of the algorithm operates on a single portion of the image at once—such as 32 bits—the vectorized algorithm operates on a plurality of these portions simultaneously. Where the server identifies that a tile has already been sent to a client via RDP because it has a second big key that matches the big key, it sends the big key to the client—which caches received tiles—and the client uses it to access the proper tile for display. Where the server identifies that a tile has not already been sent to the client, it sends the client the tile.