The invention discloses a high-speed high-definition CMOS imaging system. The system comprises a lens, a CMOS camera and a computer. The CMOS camera comprises a power supply unit, a CMOS sensor chip, a FPGA control unit, a high speed data memory cell, a CameraLink interface unit, a parameter memory cell and an upper computer interface unit. Through using a high-speed high-definition CMOS chip, a 1280*1024 resolution of the CMOS camera is realized; through using a DDR3 high speed image memory cell, high speed image data is stored in real time, a storage capacity is increased, a data transmission bandwidth is increased too, and during the 1280*1024 resolution, a work speed whose frame frequency is 1000 frame / second is realized; through using a DC-DC power supply and a LDO power supply to provide power, a system noise is small, power consumption is low and imaging quality is good; and through using a CameraLink interface to transmit image data, real-time image display below 400 frame / second (the resolution is 1280*1024) can be realized, and a high-speed high-definition shooting requirement is satisfied. Besides, the system can configure parameters of a work mode and the like of a CMOS detector through an upper computer, and usage is simple and convenient.