The invention relates to a method for preparing aldehyde-free veneer boards by biological oil starch adhesives and belongs to the field of artificial board production. The method comprises the steps of biological oil starch adhesive preparation: vacuum filtration and reduced pressure distillation method are adopted for carrying out pretreatment on biological oil; wild cassava starch is added into water, starch emulsion and concentrated hydrochloric acid are prepared, after the temperature is raised, oxidants of persulfate are then added, and acidolysis oxidized starch emulsion is prepared through reaction; the biological oil is added into the emulsion, polyving akohol solution is added, then, alkali liquor and oxalic acid are repeatedly and alternately added; and then, borax is added until the viscosity reaches the requirements, and main agents of biological oil starch adhesives are obtained; and aldehyde-free veneer board preparation: single boards are dried and are subjected to adhesive coating at two sides by adopting the prepared adhesives, the single board blank assembly is carried out according to the odd layer principle and in a mode that the fiber directions of adjacent single boards are mutually vertical, the veneer boards are pressed and manufactured under the hot pressing curve, and the aldehyde-free veneer boards are obtained. The preparation process is simple, and the intensity of the prepared veneer boards reaches the requirements of II type veneer boards.